Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
дивиться
изумиться
надивиться
подивиться
поразиться
удивиться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.VC.CV.CV
Syllables: 5
ASCII: ghazhaiblhize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
179229
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
31
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬulew wugo]/ |
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬulej jigo]/ |
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬuleb bugo]/ |
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
гӀажаиблъана
[ʕaʒaʔibɬana]
🔒
18
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гӀажаиблъичӀо
[ʕaʒaʔibɬit͡ʃˀo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гӀажаиблъила
[ʕaʒaʔibɬila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гӀажаиблъиларо
[ʕaʒaʔibɬilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гӀажаиблъула
[ʕaʒaʔibɬula]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гӀажаиблъуларо
[ʕaʒaʔibɬularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гӀажаиблъулаан
[ʕaʒaʔibɬulajan]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гӀажаиблъулароан
[ʕaʒaʔibɬularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гӀажаиблъе
[ʕaʒaʔibɬe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гӀажаиблъуге
[ʕaʒaʔibɬuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гӀажаиблъеги
[ʕaʒaʔibɬegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гӀажаиблъугеги
[ʕaʒaʔibɬugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гӀажаиблъизин
[ʕaʒaʔibɬizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гӀажаиблъани
[ʕaʒaʔibɬani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гӀажаиблъичӀони
[ʕaʒaʔibɬit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀажаиблъанищ
[ʕaʒaibɬaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀажаиблъичӀищ
[ʕaʒaibɬit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀажаиблъулищ
[ʕaʒaibɬuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀажаиблъуларищ
[ʕaʒaibɬulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀажаиблъилищ
[ʕaʒaibɬiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀажаиблъиларищ
[ʕaʒaibɬilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гӀажаиблъарав
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬaraw]/
🔒
5
|
гӀажаиблъарай
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬaraj]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъараб
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬarab]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъарал
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬaral]/
🔒
2
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гӀажаиблъичӀев
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъичӀей
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъичӀеб
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъичӀел
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гӀажаиблъулев
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬulew]/
🔒
1
|
гӀажаиблъулей
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬulej]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъулеб
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬuleb]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъулел
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬulel]/
🔒
2
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гӀажаиблъуларев
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬularew]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъуларей
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬularej]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъулареб
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬulareb]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъуларел
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гӀажаиблъилев
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬilew]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъилей
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬilej]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъилеб
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬileb]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъилел
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гӀажаиблъиларев
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬilarew]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъиларей
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬilarej]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъилареб
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬilareb]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъиларел
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гӀажаиблъизехъин
[ʕaʒaʔibɬizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гӀажаиблъизехъинро
[ʕaʒaʔibɬizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гӀажаиблъеяв
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬejaw]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъеяй
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬejaj]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъеяб
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬejab]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъеял
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гӀажаиблъарав
5
|
гӀажаиблъарай
0
|
гӀажаиблъараб
0
|
гӀажаиблъарал
2
|
| Ergative |
гӀажаиблъарас
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъ
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъ
0
|
гӀажаиблъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гӀажаиблъарасул
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъул
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъул
0
|
гӀажаиблъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
гӀажаиблъарасе
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъе
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъе
0
|
гӀажаиблъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гӀажаиблъарасда
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъда
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъда
0
|
гӀажаиблъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гӀажаиблъарасде
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъде
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъде
0
|
гӀажаиблъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гӀажаиблъарасдаса
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъдаса
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъдаса
0
|
гӀажаиблъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гӀажаиблъарасдасан
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъдасан
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъдасан
0
|
гӀажаиблъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гӀажаиблъарасухъ
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъухъ
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъухъ
0
|
гӀажаиблъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гӀажаиблъарасухъе
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъухъе
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъухъе
0
|
гӀажаиблъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гӀажаиблъарасухъа
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъухъа
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъухъа
0
|
гӀажаиблъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гӀажаиблъарасухъан
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъухъан
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъухъан
0
|
гӀажаиблъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гӀажаиблъарасулъ
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъулъ
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъулъ
0
|
гӀажаиблъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гӀажаиблъарасулъе
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъулъе
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъулъе
0
|
гӀажаиблъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гӀажаиблъарасулъа
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъулъа
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъулъа
0
|
гӀажаиблъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гӀажаиблъарасулъан
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъулъан
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъулъан
0
|
гӀажаиблъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гӀажаиблъарасукь
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъукь
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъукь
0
|
гӀажаиблъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гӀажаиблъарасукье
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъукье
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъукье
0
|
гӀажаиблъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гӀажаиблъарасукьа
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъукьа
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъукьа
0
|
гӀажаиблъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гӀажаиблъарасукьан
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъукьан
0
|
гӀажаиблъаралъукьан
0
|
гӀажаиблъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гӀажаиблъун
[ʕaʒaʔibɬun]
🔒
44
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гӀажаиблъун
[ʕaʒaʔibɬun]
🔒
44
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гӀажаиблъичӀого
[ʕaʒaʔibɬit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гӀажаиблъулаго
[ʕaʒaʔibɬulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гӀажаиблъуларого
[ʕaʒaʔibɬularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гӀажаиблъи
[ʕaʒaʔibɬi]
🔒
157
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гӀажаиблъизе
[ʕaʒaʔibɬize]
🔒
31
|
|||
| Causative |
гӀажаиблъизавизе
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬizawize]/
🔒
0
|
гӀажаиблъизайизе
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬizajize]/
🔒
0
|
гӀажаиблъизабизе
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬizabize]/
🔒
1
|
гӀажаиблъизаризе
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬizarize]/
🔒
1
|
| Causative Negative |
гӀажаиблъизавуларо
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬizawularo]/
🔒
1
|
гӀажаиблъизайуларо
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬizajularo]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъизабуларо
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬizabularo]/
0
|
гӀажаиблъизаруларо
/[ʕaʒaʔibɬizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гӀажаиблъиаризе
[ʕaʒaʔibɬijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гӀажаиблъиариларо
[ʕaʒaʔibɬijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гӀажаиблъ-гӀажаиблъизе
[ʕaʒaʔibɬ-ʕaʒaʔibɬize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гӀажаиблъ-гӀажаиблъиларо
[ʕaʒaʔibɬ-ʕaʒaʔibɬilaro]
0
|
|||