Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
дивиться
изумиться
надивиться
подивиться
поразиться
удивиться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 5
ASCII: tamashalhize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
179230
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
4
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[tamaʃaɬulew wugo]/ |
/[tamaʃaɬulej jigo]/ |
/[tamaʃaɬuleb bugo]/ |
/[tamaʃaɬulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[tamaʃaɬulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tamaʃaɬulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tamaʃaɬuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tamaʃaɬulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
тамашалъана
[tamaʃaɬana]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
тамашалъичӀо
[tamaʃaɬit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
тамашалъила
[tamaʃaɬila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
тамашалъиларо
[tamaʃaɬilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
тамашалъула
[tamaʃaɬula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
тамашалъуларо
[tamaʃaɬularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
тамашалъулаан
[tamaʃaɬulajan]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
тамашалъулароан
[tamaʃaɬularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
тамашалъе
[tamaʃaɬe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
тамашалъуге
[tamaʃaɬuge]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Optative |
тамашалъеги
[tamaʃaɬegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
тамашалъугеги
[tamaʃaɬugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
тамашалъизин
[tamaʃaɬizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
тамашалъани
[tamaʃaɬani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
тамашалъичӀони
[tamaʃaɬit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
тамашалъанищ
[tamaʃaɬaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тамашалъичӀищ
[tamaʃaɬit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
тамашалъулищ
[tamaʃaɬuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
тамашалъуларищ
[tamaʃaɬulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
тамашалъилищ
[tamaʃaɬiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тамашалъиларищ
[tamaʃaɬilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
тамашалъарав
/[tamaʃaɬaraw]/
🔒
1
|
тамашалъарай
/[tamaʃaɬaraj]/
🔒
0
|
тамашалъараб
/[tamaʃaɬarab]/
🔒
3
|
тамашалъарал
/[tamaʃaɬaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
тамашалъичӀев
/[tamaʃaɬit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
тамашалъичӀей
/[tamaʃaɬit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
тамашалъичӀеб
/[tamaʃaɬit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
тамашалъичӀел
/[tamaʃaɬit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
тамашалъулев
/[tamaʃaɬulew]/
🔒
1
|
тамашалъулей
/[tamaʃaɬulej]/
0
|
тамашалъулеб
/[tamaʃaɬuleb]/
0
|
тамашалъулел
/[tamaʃaɬulel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle Negative |
тамашалъуларев
/[tamaʃaɬularew]/
0
|
тамашалъуларей
/[tamaʃaɬularej]/
0
|
тамашалъулареб
/[tamaʃaɬulareb]/
0
|
тамашалъуларел
/[tamaʃaɬularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
тамашалъилев
/[tamaʃaɬilew]/
0
|
тамашалъилей
/[tamaʃaɬilej]/
0
|
тамашалъилеб
/[tamaʃaɬileb]/
0
|
тамашалъилел
/[tamaʃaɬilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
тамашалъиларев
/[tamaʃaɬilarew]/
0
|
тамашалъиларей
/[tamaʃaɬilarej]/
0
|
тамашалъилареб
/[tamaʃaɬilareb]/
0
|
тамашалъиларел
/[tamaʃaɬilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
тамашалъизехъин
[tamaʃaɬizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
тамашалъизехъинро
[tamaʃaɬizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
тамашалъеяв
/[tamaʃaɬejaw]/
0
|
тамашалъеяй
/[tamaʃaɬejaj]/
0
|
тамашалъеяб
/[tamaʃaɬejab]/
0
|
тамашалъеял
/[tamaʃaɬejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
тамашалъарав
1
|
тамашалъарай
0
|
тамашалъараб
3
|
тамашалъарал
1
|
| Ergative |
тамашалъарас
0
|
тамашалъаралъ
0
|
тамашалъаралъ
0
|
тамашалъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
тамашалъарасул
0
|
тамашалъаралъул
0
|
тамашалъаралъул
0
|
тамашалъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
тамашалъарасе
0
|
тамашалъаралъе
0
|
тамашалъаралъе
0
|
тамашалъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
тамашалъарасда
0
|
тамашалъаралъда
0
|
тамашалъаралъда
0
|
тамашалъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
тамашалъарасде
0
|
тамашалъаралъде
0
|
тамашалъаралъде
0
|
тамашалъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
тамашалъарасдаса
0
|
тамашалъаралъдаса
0
|
тамашалъаралъдаса
0
|
тамашалъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
тамашалъарасдасан
0
|
тамашалъаралъдасан
0
|
тамашалъаралъдасан
0
|
тамашалъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
тамашалъарасухъ
0
|
тамашалъаралъухъ
0
|
тамашалъаралъухъ
0
|
тамашалъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
тамашалъарасухъе
0
|
тамашалъаралъухъе
0
|
тамашалъаралъухъе
0
|
тамашалъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
тамашалъарасухъа
0
|
тамашалъаралъухъа
0
|
тамашалъаралъухъа
0
|
тамашалъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
тамашалъарасухъан
0
|
тамашалъаралъухъан
0
|
тамашалъаралъухъан
0
|
тамашалъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
тамашалъарасулъ
0
|
тамашалъаралъулъ
0
|
тамашалъаралъулъ
0
|
тамашалъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
тамашалъарасулъе
0
|
тамашалъаралъулъе
0
|
тамашалъаралъулъе
0
|
тамашалъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
тамашалъарасулъа
0
|
тамашалъаралъулъа
0
|
тамашалъаралъулъа
0
|
тамашалъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
тамашалъарасулъан
0
|
тамашалъаралъулъан
0
|
тамашалъаралъулъан
0
|
тамашалъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
тамашалъарасукь
0
|
тамашалъаралъукь
0
|
тамашалъаралъукь
0
|
тамашалъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
тамашалъарасукье
0
|
тамашалъаралъукье
0
|
тамашалъаралъукье
0
|
тамашалъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
тамашалъарасукьа
0
|
тамашалъаралъукьа
0
|
тамашалъаралъукьа
0
|
тамашалъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
тамашалъарасукьан
0
|
тамашалъаралъукьан
0
|
тамашалъаралъукьан
0
|
тамашалъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
тамашалъун
[tamaʃaɬun]
🔒
29
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
тамашалъун
[tamaʃaɬun]
🔒
29
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
тамашалъичӀого
[tamaʃaɬit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
тамашалъулаго
[tamaʃaɬulago]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
тамашалъуларого
[tamaʃaɬularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
тамашалъи
[tamaʃaɬi]
🔒
40
|
|||
| Infinitive |
тамашалъизе
[tamaʃaɬize]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Causative |
тамашалъизавизе
/[tamaʃaɬizawize]/
🔒
0
|
тамашалъизайизе
/[tamaʃaɬizajize]/
🔒
0
|
тамашалъизабизе
/[tamaʃaɬizabize]/
🔒
1
|
тамашалъизаризе
/[tamaʃaɬizarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
тамашалъизавуларо
/[tamaʃaɬizawularo]/
0
|
тамашалъизайуларо
/[tamaʃaɬizajularo]/
0
|
тамашалъизабуларо
/[tamaʃaɬizabularo]/
0
|
тамашалъизаруларо
/[tamaʃaɬizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
тамашалъиаризе
[tamaʃaɬijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
тамашалъиариларо
[tamaʃaɬijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
тамашалъ-тамашалъизе
[tamaʃaɬ-tamaʃaɬize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
тамашалъ-тамашалъиларо
[tamaʃaɬ-tamaʃaɬilaro]
0
|
|||