Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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одичать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: tʼuruzlhize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
179378
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[tˀuruzɬulew wugo]/ |
/[tˀuruzɬulej jigo]/ |
/[tˀuruzɬuleb bugo]/ |
/[tˀuruzɬulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[tˀuruzɬulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tˀuruzɬulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tˀuruzɬuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tˀuruzɬulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
тӀурузлъана
[tˀuruzɬana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
тӀурузлъичӀо
[tˀuruzɬit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
тӀурузлъила
[tˀuruzɬila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
тӀурузлъиларо
[tˀuruzɬilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
тӀурузлъула
[tˀuruzɬula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
тӀурузлъуларо
[tˀuruzɬularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
тӀурузлъулаан
[tʼuruzɬulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
тӀурузлъулароан
[tʼuruzɬularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
тӀурузлъе
[tˀuruzɬe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
тӀурузлъуге
[tˀuruzɬuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
тӀурузлъеги
[tʼuruzɬegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
тӀурузлъугеги
[tˀuruzɬugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
тӀурузлъизин
[tˀuruzɬizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
тӀурузлъани
[tˀuruzɬani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
тӀурузлъичӀони
[tˀuruzɬit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀурузлъанищ
[tˀuruzɬaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀурузлъичӀищ
[tˀuruzɬit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀурузлъулищ
[tˀuruzɬuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀурузлъуларищ
[tˀuruzɬulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀурузлъилищ
[tˀuruzɬiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀурузлъиларищ
[tˀuruzɬilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
тӀурузлъарав
/[tˀuruzɬaraw]/
0
|
тӀурузлъарай
/[tˀuruzɬaraj]/
0
|
тӀурузлъараб
/[tˀuruzɬarab]/
0
|
тӀурузлъарал
/[tˀuruzɬaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
тӀурузлъичӀев
/[tˀuruzɬit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
тӀурузлъичӀей
/[tˀuruzɬit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
тӀурузлъичӀеб
/[tˀuruzɬit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
тӀурузлъичӀел
/[tˀuruzɬit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
тӀурузлъулев
/[tˀuruzɬulew]/
0
|
тӀурузлъулей
/[tˀuruzɬulej]/
0
|
тӀурузлъулеб
/[tˀuruzɬuleb]/
0
|
тӀурузлъулел
/[tˀuruzɬulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
тӀурузлъуларев
/[tˀuruzɬularew]/
0
|
тӀурузлъуларей
/[tˀuruzɬularej]/
0
|
тӀурузлъулареб
/[tˀuruzɬulareb]/
0
|
тӀурузлъуларел
/[tˀuruzɬularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
тӀурузлъилев
/[tˀuruzɬilew]/
0
|
тӀурузлъилей
/[tˀuruzɬilej]/
0
|
тӀурузлъилеб
/[tˀuruzɬileb]/
0
|
тӀурузлъилел
/[tˀuruzɬilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
тӀурузлъиларев
/[tˀuruzɬilarew]/
0
|
тӀурузлъиларей
/[tˀuruzɬilarej]/
0
|
тӀурузлъилареб
/[tˀuruzɬilareb]/
0
|
тӀурузлъиларел
/[tˀuruzɬilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
тӀурузлъизехъин
[tˀuruzɬizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
тӀурузлъизехъинро
[tˀuruzɬizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
тӀурузлъеяв
/[tˀuruzɬejaw]/
0
|
тӀурузлъеяй
/[tˀuruzɬejaj]/
0
|
тӀурузлъеяб
/[tˀuruzɬejab]/
0
|
тӀурузлъеял
/[tʼuruzɬejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
тӀурузлъарав
0
|
тӀурузлъарай
0
|
тӀурузлъараб
0
|
тӀурузлъарал
0
|
| Ergative |
тӀурузлъарас
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъ
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъ
0
|
тӀурузлъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
тӀурузлъарасул
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъул
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъул
0
|
тӀурузлъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
тӀурузлъарасе
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъе
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъе
0
|
тӀурузлъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
тӀурузлъарасда
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъда
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъда
0
|
тӀурузлъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
тӀурузлъарасде
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъде
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъде
0
|
тӀурузлъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
тӀурузлъарасдаса
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъдаса
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъдаса
0
|
тӀурузлъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
тӀурузлъарасдасан
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъдасан
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъдасан
0
|
тӀурузлъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
тӀурузлъарасухъ
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъухъ
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъухъ
0
|
тӀурузлъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
тӀурузлъарасухъе
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъухъе
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъухъе
0
|
тӀурузлъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
тӀурузлъарасухъа
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъухъа
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъухъа
0
|
тӀурузлъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
тӀурузлъарасухъан
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъухъан
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъухъан
0
|
тӀурузлъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
тӀурузлъарасулъ
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъулъ
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъулъ
0
|
тӀурузлъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
тӀурузлъарасулъе
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъулъе
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъулъе
0
|
тӀурузлъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
тӀурузлъарасулъа
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъулъа
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъулъа
0
|
тӀурузлъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
тӀурузлъарасулъан
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъулъан
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъулъан
0
|
тӀурузлъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
тӀурузлъарасукь
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъукь
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъукь
0
|
тӀурузлъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
тӀурузлъарасукье
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъукье
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъукье
0
|
тӀурузлъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
тӀурузлъарасукьа
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъукьа
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъукьа
0
|
тӀурузлъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
тӀурузлъарасукьан
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъукьан
0
|
тӀурузлъаралъукьан
0
|
тӀурузлъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
тӀурузлъун
[tʼuruzɬun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
тӀурузлъун
[tˀuruzɬun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
тӀурузлъичӀого
[tˀuruzɬit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
тӀурузлъулаго
[tˀuruzɬulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
тӀурузлъуларого
[tˀuruzɬularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
тӀурузлъи
[tˀuruzɬi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
тӀурузлъизе
[tˀuruzɬize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
тӀурузлъизавизе
/[tʼuruzɬizawize]/
0
|
тӀурузлъизайизе
/[tʼuruzɬizajize]/
0
|
тӀурузлъизабизе
/[tˀuruzɬizabize]/
0
|
тӀурузлъизаризе
/[tʼuruzɬizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
тӀурузлъизавуларо
/[tʼuruzɬizawularo]/
0
|
тӀурузлъизайуларо
/[tʼuruzɬizajularo]/
0
|
тӀурузлъизабуларо
/[tˀuruzɬizabularo]/
0
|
тӀурузлъизаруларо
/[tʼuruzɬizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
тӀурузлъиаризе
[tˀuruzɬijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
тӀурузлъиариларо
[tˀuruzɬijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
тӀурузлъ-тӀурузлъизе
[tˀuruzɬ-tˀuruzɬize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
тӀурузлъ-тӀурузлъиларо
[tˀuruzɬ-tˀuruzɬilaro]
0
|
|||