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🌐 Translations
Russian
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: gvaghize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
180058
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
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|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
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| Past Simple |
гвагӀана
[gwaʕana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гвагӀичӀо
[gwaʕit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гвагӀила
[gwaʕila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гвагӀиларо
[gwaʕilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гвагӀула
[gwaʕula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гвагӀуларо
[gwaʕularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
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|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
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| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гвагӀулаан
[gwaʕulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гвагӀулароан
[gwaʕularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гвагӀе
[gwaʕe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гвагӀуге
[gwaʕuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гвагӀеги
[gwaʕegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гвагӀугеги
[gwaʕugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гвагӀизин
[gwaʕizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
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| Conditional |
гвагӀани
[gwaʕani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гвагӀичӀони
[gwaʕit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гвагӀанищ
[gwaʕaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гвагӀичӀищ
[gwaʕit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гвагӀулищ
[gwaʕuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гвагӀуларищ
[gwaʕulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гвагӀилищ
[gwaʕiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гвагӀиларищ
[gwaʕilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гвагӀарав
/[gwaʕaraw]/
0
|
гвагӀарай
/[gwaʕaraj]/
0
|
гвагӀараб
/[gwaʕarab]/
0
|
гвагӀарал
/[gwaʕaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гвагӀичӀев
/[gwaʕit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гвагӀичӀей
/[gwaʕit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гвагӀичӀеб
/[gwaʕit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гвагӀичӀел
/[gwaʕit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гвагӀулев
/[gwaʕulew]/
0
|
гвагӀулей
/[gwaʕulej]/
0
|
гвагӀулеб
/[gwaʕuleb]/
0
|
гвагӀулел
/[gwaʕulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гвагӀуларев
/[gwaʕularew]/
0
|
гвагӀуларей
/[gwaʕularej]/
0
|
гвагӀулареб
/[gwaʕulareb]/
0
|
гвагӀуларел
/[gwaʕularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гвагӀилев
/[gwaʕilew]/
0
|
гвагӀилей
/[gwaʕilej]/
0
|
гвагӀилеб
/[gwaʕileb]/
0
|
гвагӀилел
/[gwaʕilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гвагӀиларев
/[gwaʕilarew]/
0
|
гвагӀиларей
/[gwaʕilarej]/
0
|
гвагӀилареб
/[gwaʕilareb]/
0
|
гвагӀиларел
/[gwaʕilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гвагӀизехъин
[gwaʕizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гвагӀизехъинро
[gwaʕizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гвагӀеяв
/[gwaʕejaw]/
0
|
гвагӀеяй
/[gwaʕejaj]/
0
|
гвагӀеяб
/[gwaʕejab]/
0
|
гвагӀеял
/[gwaʕejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гвагӀарав
0
|
гвагӀарай
0
|
гвагӀараб
0
|
гвагӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
гвагӀарас
0
|
гвагӀаралъ
0
|
гвагӀаралъ
0
|
гвагӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гвагӀарасул
0
|
гвагӀаралъул
0
|
гвагӀаралъул
0
|
гвагӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
гвагӀарасе
0
|
гвагӀаралъе
0
|
гвагӀаралъе
0
|
гвагӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гвагӀарасда
0
|
гвагӀаралъда
0
|
гвагӀаралъда
0
|
гвагӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гвагӀарасде
0
|
гвагӀаралъде
0
|
гвагӀаралъде
0
|
гвагӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гвагӀарасдаса
0
|
гвагӀаралъдаса
0
|
гвагӀаралъдаса
0
|
гвагӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гвагӀарасдасан
0
|
гвагӀаралъдасан
0
|
гвагӀаралъдасан
0
|
гвагӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гвагӀарасухъ
0
|
гвагӀаралъухъ
0
|
гвагӀаралъухъ
0
|
гвагӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гвагӀарасухъе
0
|
гвагӀаралъухъе
0
|
гвагӀаралъухъе
0
|
гвагӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гвагӀарасухъа
0
|
гвагӀаралъухъа
0
|
гвагӀаралъухъа
0
|
гвагӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гвагӀарасухъан
0
|
гвагӀаралъухъан
0
|
гвагӀаралъухъан
0
|
гвагӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гвагӀарасулъ
0
|
гвагӀаралъулъ
0
|
гвагӀаралъулъ
0
|
гвагӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гвагӀарасулъе
0
|
гвагӀаралъулъе
0
|
гвагӀаралъулъе
0
|
гвагӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гвагӀарасулъа
0
|
гвагӀаралъулъа
0
|
гвагӀаралъулъа
0
|
гвагӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гвагӀарасулъан
0
|
гвагӀаралъулъан
0
|
гвагӀаралъулъан
0
|
гвагӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гвагӀарасукь
0
|
гвагӀаралъукь
0
|
гвагӀаралъукь
0
|
гвагӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гвагӀарасукье
0
|
гвагӀаралъукье
0
|
гвагӀаралъукье
0
|
гвагӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гвагӀарасукьа
0
|
гвагӀаралъукьа
0
|
гвагӀаралъукьа
0
|
гвагӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гвагӀарасукьан
0
|
гвагӀаралъукьан
0
|
гвагӀаралъукьан
0
|
гвагӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гвагӀун
[gwaʕun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гвагӀун
[gwaʕun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гвагӀичӀого
[gwaʕit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гвагӀулаго
[gwaʕulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гвагӀуларого
[gwaʕularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гвагӀи
[gwaʕi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гвагӀизе
[gwaʕize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
гвагӀизавизе
/[gwaʕizawize]/
0
|
гвагӀизайизе
/[gwaʕizajize]/
0
|
гвагӀизабизе
/[gwaʕizabize]/
0
|
гвагӀизаризе
/[gwaʕizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гвагӀизавуларо
/[gwaʕizawularo]/
0
|
гвагӀизайуларо
/[gwaʕizajularo]/
0
|
гвагӀизабуларо
/[gwaʕizabularo]/
0
|
гвагӀизаруларо
/[gwaʕizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гвагӀиаризе
[gwaʕijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гвагӀиариларо
[gwaʕijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гвагӀ-гвагӀизе
[gwaʕ-gwaʕize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гвагӀ-гвагӀиларо
[gwaʕ-gwaʕilaro]
0
|
|||