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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ts'ats'aze
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
180241
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
5
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
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|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
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| Past Simple |
цӀацӀана
[t͡sˀat͡sˀana]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀацӀачӀо
[t͡sˀat͡sˀat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀацӀала
[t͡sˀat͡sˀala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀацӀаларо
[t͡sˀat͡sˀalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀацӀала
[t͡sˀat͡sˀala]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀацӀаларо
[t͡sˀat͡sˀalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
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|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
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| Remote Present |
—
0
|
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|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀацӀалаан
[t͡sʼat͡sʼalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀацӀалароан
[t͡sʼat͡sʼalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀацӀа
[t͡sˀat͡sˀa]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀацӀаге
[t͡sˀat͡sˀage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀацӀаги
[t͡sˀat͡sˀagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀацӀагеги
[t͡sˀat͡sˀagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀацӀазин
[t͡sˀat͡sˀazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀацӀани
[t͡sˀat͡sˀani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀацӀачӀони
[t͡sˀat͡sˀat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀацӀанищ
[t͡sˀat͡sˀaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀацӀачӀищ
[t͡sˀat͡sˀat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀацӀалищ
[t͡sˀat͡sˀaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀацӀаларищ
[t͡sˀat͡sˀalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀацӀалищ
[t͡sˀat͡sˀaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀацӀаларищ
[t͡sˀat͡sˀalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀацӀарав
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀaraw]/
🔒
0
|
цӀацӀарай
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀaraj]/
🔒
0
|
цӀацӀараб
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀarab]/
🔒
1
|
цӀацӀарал
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀацӀачӀев
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
цӀацӀачӀей
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цӀацӀачӀеб
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
цӀацӀачӀел
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
цӀацӀалев
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀalew]/
🔒
0
|
цӀацӀалей
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀalej]/
🔒
1
|
цӀацӀалеб
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀaleb]/
🔒
2
|
цӀацӀалел
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀalel]/
🔒
4
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀацӀаларев
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀalarew]/
0
|
цӀацӀаларей
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀalarej]/
0
|
цӀацӀалареб
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀalareb]/
0
|
цӀацӀаларел
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
цӀацӀалев
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀalew]/
🔒
0
|
цӀацӀалей
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀalej]/
🔒
1
|
цӀацӀалеб
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀaleb]/
🔒
2
|
цӀацӀалел
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀalel]/
🔒
4
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀацӀаларев
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀalarew]/
0
|
цӀацӀаларей
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀalarej]/
0
|
цӀацӀалареб
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀalareb]/
0
|
цӀацӀаларел
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀацӀазехъин
[t͡sˀat͡sˀazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀацӀазехъинро
[t͡sˀat͡sˀazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀацӀаяв
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀajaw]/
0
|
цӀацӀаяй
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀajaj]/
0
|
цӀацӀаяб
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀajab]/
0
|
цӀацӀаял
/[t͡sʼat͡sʼajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀацӀарав
0
|
цӀацӀарай
0
|
цӀацӀараб
1
|
цӀацӀарал
1
|
| Ergative |
цӀацӀарас
0
|
цӀацӀаралъ
0
|
цӀацӀаралъ
0
|
цӀацӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
цӀацӀарасул
0
|
цӀацӀаралъул
0
|
цӀацӀаралъул
0
|
цӀацӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
цӀацӀарасе
0
|
цӀацӀаралъе
0
|
цӀацӀаралъе
0
|
цӀацӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀацӀарасда
0
|
цӀацӀаралъда
0
|
цӀацӀаралъда
0
|
цӀацӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀацӀарасде
0
|
цӀацӀаралъде
0
|
цӀацӀаралъде
0
|
цӀацӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀацӀарасдаса
0
|
цӀацӀаралъдаса
0
|
цӀацӀаралъдаса
0
|
цӀацӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀацӀарасдасан
0
|
цӀацӀаралъдасан
0
|
цӀацӀаралъдасан
0
|
цӀацӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀацӀарасухъ
0
|
цӀацӀаралъухъ
0
|
цӀацӀаралъухъ
0
|
цӀацӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀацӀарасухъе
0
|
цӀацӀаралъухъе
0
|
цӀацӀаралъухъе
0
|
цӀацӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀацӀарасухъа
0
|
цӀацӀаралъухъа
0
|
цӀацӀаралъухъа
0
|
цӀацӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀацӀарасухъан
0
|
цӀацӀаралъухъан
0
|
цӀацӀаралъухъан
0
|
цӀацӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀацӀарасулъ
0
|
цӀацӀаралъулъ
0
|
цӀацӀаралъулъ
0
|
цӀацӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀацӀарасулъе
0
|
цӀацӀаралъулъе
0
|
цӀацӀаралъулъе
0
|
цӀацӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀацӀарасулъа
0
|
цӀацӀаралъулъа
0
|
цӀацӀаралъулъа
0
|
цӀацӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀацӀарасулъан
0
|
цӀацӀаралъулъан
0
|
цӀацӀаралъулъан
0
|
цӀацӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀацӀарасукь
0
|
цӀацӀаралъукь
0
|
цӀацӀаралъукь
0
|
цӀацӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀацӀарасукье
0
|
цӀацӀаралъукье
0
|
цӀацӀаралъукье
0
|
цӀацӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀацӀарасукьа
0
|
цӀацӀаралъукьа
0
|
цӀацӀаралъукьа
0
|
цӀацӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀацӀарасукьан
0
|
цӀацӀаралъукьан
0
|
цӀацӀаралъукьан
0
|
цӀацӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀацӀан
[t͡sʼat͡sʼan]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀацӀан
[t͡sˀat͡sˀan]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀацӀачӀого
[t͡sˀat͡sˀat͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀацӀалаго
[t͡sˀat͡sˀalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀацӀаларого
[t͡sˀat͡sˀalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀацӀай
[t͡sˀat͡sˀaj]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀацӀазе
[t͡sˀat͡sˀaze]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀацӀазавизе
/[t͡sʼat͡sʼazawize]/
0
|
цӀацӀазайизе
/[t͡sʼat͡sʼazajize]/
0
|
цӀацӀазабизе
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀazabize]/
0
|
цӀацӀазаризе
/[t͡sʼat͡sʼazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀацӀазавуларо
/[t͡sʼat͡sʼazawularo]/
0
|
цӀацӀазайуларо
/[t͡sʼat͡sʼazajularo]/
0
|
цӀацӀазабуларо
/[t͡sˀat͡sˀazabularo]/
0
|
цӀацӀазаруларо
/[t͡sʼat͡sʼazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀацӀааризе
[t͡sˀat͡sˀajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀацӀаариларо
[t͡sˀat͡sˀajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀацӀа-цӀацӀазе
[t͡sˀat͡sˀa-t͡sˀat͡sˀaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀацӀа-цӀацӀаларо
[t͡sˀat͡sˀa-t͡sˀat͡sˀalaro]
0
|
|||