Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: zhvargheze
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
180259
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ʒwarʁolew wugo]/ |
/[ʒwarʁolej jigo]/ |
/[ʒwarʁoleb bugo]/ |
/[ʒwarʁolel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ʒwarʁolew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[ʒwarʁolej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[ʒwarʁoleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[ʒwarʁolel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
жваргъена
[ʒwarʁena]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
жваргъечӀо
[ʒwarʁet͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
жваргъела
[ʒwarʁela]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
жваргъеларо
[ʒwarʁelaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
жваргъола
[ʒwarʁola]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
жваргъоларо
[ʒwarʁolaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
жваргъолаан
[ʒwarʁolajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
жваргъолароан
[ʒwarʁolarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
жваргъе
[ʒwarʁe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
жваргъоге
[ʒwarʁoge]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Optative |
жваргъеги
[ʒwarʁegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
жваргъогеги
[ʒwarʁogegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
жваргъезин
[ʒwarʁezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
жваргъени
[ʒwarʁeni]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
жваргъечӀони
[ʒwarʁet͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
жваргъенищ
[ʒwarʁeniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
жваргъечӀищ
[ʒwarʁet͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
жваргъолищ
[ʒwarʁoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
жваргъоларищ
[ʒwarʁolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
жваргъелищ
[ʒwarʁeliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
жваргъеларищ
[ʒwarʁelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
жваргъерав
/[ʒwarʁeraw]/
0
|
жваргъерай
/[ʒwarʁeraj]/
0
|
жваргъераб
/[ʒwarʁerab]/
0
|
жваргъерал
/[ʒwarʁeral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
жваргъечӀев
/[ʒwarʁet͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
жваргъечӀей
/[ʒwarʁet͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
жваргъечӀеб
/[ʒwarʁet͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
жваргъечӀел
/[ʒwarʁet͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
жваргъолев
/[ʒwarʁolew]/
0
|
жваргъолей
/[ʒwarʁolej]/
0
|
жваргъолеб
/[ʒwarʁoleb]/
0
|
жваргъолел
/[ʒwarʁolel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
жваргъоларев
/[ʒwarʁolarew]/
0
|
жваргъоларей
/[ʒwarʁolarej]/
0
|
жваргъолареб
/[ʒwarʁolareb]/
0
|
жваргъоларел
/[ʒwarʁolarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
жваргъелев
/[ʒwarʁelew]/
0
|
жваргъелей
/[ʒwarʁelej]/
0
|
жваргъелеб
/[ʒwarʁeleb]/
0
|
жваргъелел
/[ʒwarʁelel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
жваргъеларев
/[ʒwarʁelarew]/
0
|
жваргъеларей
/[ʒwarʁelarej]/
0
|
жваргъелареб
/[ʒwarʁelareb]/
0
|
жваргъеларел
/[ʒwarʁelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
жваргъезехъин
[ʒwarʁezeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
жваргъезехъинро
[ʒwarʁezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
жваргъеяв
/[ʒwarʁejaw]/
0
|
жваргъеяй
/[ʒwarʁejaj]/
0
|
жваргъеяб
/[ʒwarʁejab]/
0
|
жваргъеял
/[ʒwarʁejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
жваргъерав
0
|
жваргъерай
0
|
жваргъераб
0
|
жваргъерал
0
|
| Ergative |
жваргъерас
0
|
жваргъералъ
0
|
жваргъералъ
0
|
жваргъераз
0
|
| Genitive |
жваргъерасул
0
|
жваргъералъул
0
|
жваргъералъул
0
|
жваргъеразул
0
|
| Dative |
жваргъерасе
0
|
жваргъералъе
0
|
жваргъералъе
0
|
жваргъеразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
жваргъерасда
0
|
жваргъералъда
0
|
жваргъералъда
0
|
жваргъеразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
жваргъерасде
0
|
жваргъералъде
0
|
жваргъералъде
0
|
жваргъеразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
жваргъерасдаса
0
|
жваргъералъдаса
0
|
жваргъералъдаса
0
|
жваргъераздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
жваргъерасдасан
0
|
жваргъералъдасан
0
|
жваргъералъдасан
0
|
жваргъераздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
жваргъерасухъ
0
|
жваргъералъухъ
0
|
жваргъералъухъ
0
|
жваргъеразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
жваргъерасухъе
0
|
жваргъералъухъе
0
|
жваргъералъухъе
0
|
жваргъеразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
жваргъерасухъа
0
|
жваргъералъухъа
0
|
жваргъералъухъа
0
|
жваргъеразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
жваргъерасухъан
0
|
жваргъералъухъан
0
|
жваргъералъухъан
0
|
жваргъеразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
жваргъерасулъ
0
|
жваргъералъулъ
0
|
жваргъералъулъ
0
|
жваргъеразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
жваргъерасулъе
0
|
жваргъералъулъе
0
|
жваргъералъулъе
0
|
жваргъеразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
жваргъерасулъа
0
|
жваргъералъулъа
0
|
жваргъералъулъа
0
|
жваргъеразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
жваргъерасулъан
0
|
жваргъералъулъан
0
|
жваргъералъулъан
0
|
жваргъеразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
жваргъерасукь
0
|
жваргъералъукь
0
|
жваргъералъукь
0
|
жваргъеразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
жваргъерасукье
0
|
жваргъералъукье
0
|
жваргъералъукье
0
|
жваргъеразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
жваргъерасукьа
0
|
жваргъералъукьа
0
|
жваргъералъукьа
0
|
жваргъеразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
жваргъерасукьан
0
|
жваргъералъукьан
0
|
жваргъералъукьан
0
|
жваргъеразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
жваргъон
[ʒwarʁon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
жваргъон
[ʒwarʁon]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
жваргъечӀого
[ʒwarʁet͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
жваргъолаго
[ʒwarʁolago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
жваргъоларого
[ʒwarʁolarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
жваргъей
[ʒwarʁej]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
жваргъезе
[ʒwarʁeze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
жваргъезавизе
/[ʒwarʁezawize]/
🔒
0
|
жваргъезайизе
/[ʒwarʁezajize]/
🔒
0
|
жваргъезабизе
/[ʒwarʁezabize]/
🔒
0
|
жваргъезаризе
/[ʒwarʁezarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
жваргъезавуларо
/[ʒwarʁezawularo]/
0
|
жваргъезайуларо
/[ʒwarʁezajularo]/
0
|
жваргъезабуларо
/[ʒwarʁezabularo]/
0
|
жваргъезаруларо
/[ʒwarʁezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
жваргъеаризе
[ʒwarʁejarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
жваргъеариларо
[ʒwarʁejarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
жваргъ-жваргъезе
[ʒwarʁ-ʒwarʁeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
жваргъ-жваргъеларо
[ʒwarʁ-ʒwarʁelaro]
0
|
|||