Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
дурачить
искушать
обвести
обдурить
обжулить
обмануть
объехать
оплести
плутовать
подкачать
соблазнить
фальшивить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: gukkize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
180446
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
31
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
гуккана
[gukːana]
🔒
12
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гуккичӀо
[gukːit͡ʃˀo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гуккила
[gukːila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гуккиларо
[gukːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гуккула
[gukːula]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гуккуларо
[gukːularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гуккулаан
[gukːulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гуккулароан
[gukːularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гукке
[gukːe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гуккуге
[gukːuge]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Optative |
гуккеги
[gukːegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гуккугеги
[gukːugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гуккизин
[gukːizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гуккани
[gukːani]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гуккичӀони
[gukːit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гукканищ
[gukːaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гуккичӀищ
[gukːit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гуккулищ
[gukːuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гуккуларищ
[gukːulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гуккилищ
[gukːiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гуккиларищ
[gukːilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гуккарав
/[gukːaraw]/
🔒
1
|
гуккарай
/[gukːaraj]/
🔒
1
|
гуккараб
/[gukːarab]/
🔒
3
|
гуккарал
/[gukːaral]/
🔒
5
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гуккичӀев
/[gukːit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гуккичӀей
/[gukːit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гуккичӀеб
/[gukːit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гуккичӀел
/[gukːit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гуккулев
/[gukːulew]/
🔒
6
|
гуккулей
/[gukːulej]/
🔒
1
|
гуккулеб
/[gukːuleb]/
🔒
6
|
гуккулел
/[gukːulel]/
🔒
16
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гуккуларев
/[gukːularew]/
0
|
гуккуларей
/[gukːularej]/
0
|
гуккулареб
/[gukːulareb]/
0
|
гуккуларел
/[gukːularel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle |
гуккилев
/[gukːilew]/
0
|
гуккилей
/[gukːilej]/
0
|
гуккилеб
/[gukːileb]/
0
|
гуккилел
/[gukːilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гуккиларев
/[gukːilarew]/
0
|
гуккиларей
/[gukːilarej]/
0
|
гуккилареб
/[gukːilareb]/
0
|
гуккиларел
/[gukːilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гуккизехъин
[gukːizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гуккизехъинро
[gukːizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гуккеяв
/[gukːejaw]/
0
|
гуккеяй
/[gukːejaj]/
0
|
гуккеяб
/[gukːejab]/
0
|
гуккеял
/[gukːejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гуккарав
1
|
гуккарай
1
|
гуккараб
3
|
гуккарал
5
|
| Ergative |
гуккарас
0
|
гуккаралъ
0
|
гуккаралъ
0
|
гуккараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гуккарасул
0
|
гуккаралъул
0
|
гуккаралъул
0
|
гуккаразул
0
|
| Dative |
гуккарасе
0
|
гуккаралъе
0
|
гуккаралъе
0
|
гуккаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гуккарасда
0
|
гуккаралъда
0
|
гуккаралъда
0
|
гуккаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гуккарасде
0
|
гуккаралъде
0
|
гуккаралъде
0
|
гуккаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гуккарасдаса
0
|
гуккаралъдаса
0
|
гуккаралъдаса
0
|
гуккараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гуккарасдасан
0
|
гуккаралъдасан
0
|
гуккаралъдасан
0
|
гуккараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гуккарасухъ
0
|
гуккаралъухъ
0
|
гуккаралъухъ
0
|
гуккаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гуккарасухъе
0
|
гуккаралъухъе
0
|
гуккаралъухъе
0
|
гуккаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гуккарасухъа
0
|
гуккаралъухъа
0
|
гуккаралъухъа
0
|
гуккаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гуккарасухъан
0
|
гуккаралъухъан
0
|
гуккаралъухъан
0
|
гуккаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гуккарасулъ
0
|
гуккаралъулъ
0
|
гуккаралъулъ
0
|
гуккаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гуккарасулъе
0
|
гуккаралъулъе
0
|
гуккаралъулъе
0
|
гуккаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гуккарасулъа
0
|
гуккаралъулъа
0
|
гуккаралъулъа
0
|
гуккаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гуккарасулъан
0
|
гуккаралъулъан
0
|
гуккаралъулъан
0
|
гуккаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гуккарасукь
0
|
гуккаралъукь
0
|
гуккаралъукь
0
|
гуккаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гуккарасукье
0
|
гуккаралъукье
0
|
гуккаралъукье
0
|
гуккаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гуккарасукьа
0
|
гуккаралъукьа
0
|
гуккаралъукьа
0
|
гуккаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гуккарасукьан
0
|
гуккаралъукьан
0
|
гуккаралъукьан
0
|
гуккаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гуккун
[gukːun]
🔒
47
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гуккун
[gukːun]
🔒
47
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гуккичӀого
[gukːit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гуккулаго
[gukːulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гуккуларого
[gukːularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гукки
[gukːi]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гуккизе
[gukːize]
🔒
31
|
|||
| Causative |
гуккизавизе
/[gukːizawize]/
0
|
гуккизайизе
/[gukːizajize]/
0
|
гуккизабизе
/[gukːizabize]/
0
|
гуккизаризе
/[gukːizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гуккизавуларо
/[gukːizawularo]/
0
|
гуккизайуларо
/[gukːizajularo]/
0
|
гуккизабуларо
/[gukːizabularo]/
0
|
гуккизаруларо
/[gukːizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гуккиаризе
[gukːijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гуккиариларо
[gukːijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гукк-гуккизе
[gukː-gukːize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гукк-гуккиларо
[gukː-gukːilaro]
0
|
|||