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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: khichize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
180813
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
2
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
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|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
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| Past Simple |
хичана
[χit͡ʃana]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хичичӀо
[χit͡ʃit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хичила
[χit͡ʃila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хичиларо
[χit͡ʃilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хичула
[χit͡ʃula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хичуларо
[χit͡ʃularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
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|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
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| Remote Present |
—
0
|
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|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хичулаан
[χit͡ʃulajan]
0
|
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| Remote Past Negative |
хичулароан
[χit͡ʃularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хиче
[χit͡ʃe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хичуге
[χit͡ʃuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хичеги
[χit͡ʃegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хичугеги
[χit͡ʃugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хичизин
[χit͡ʃizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
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| Conditional |
хичани
[χit͡ʃani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хичичӀони
[χit͡ʃit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хичанищ
[χit͡ʃaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хичичӀищ
[χit͡ʃit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хичулищ
[χit͡ʃuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хичуларищ
[χit͡ʃulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хичилищ
[χit͡ʃiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хичиларищ
[χit͡ʃilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хичарав
/[χit͡ʃaraw]/
🔒
0
|
хичарай
/[χit͡ʃaraj]/
🔒
0
|
хичараб
/[χit͡ʃarab]/
🔒
1
|
хичарал
/[χit͡ʃaral]/
🔒
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хичичӀев
/[χit͡ʃit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
хичичӀей
/[χit͡ʃit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
хичичӀеб
/[χit͡ʃit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
хичичӀел
/[χit͡ʃit͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
0
|
| Present Participle |
хичулев
/[χit͡ʃulew]/
0
|
хичулей
/[χit͡ʃulej]/
0
|
хичулеб
/[χit͡ʃuleb]/
0
|
хичулел
/[χit͡ʃulel]/
🔒
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хичуларев
/[χit͡ʃularew]/
0
|
хичуларей
/[χit͡ʃularej]/
0
|
хичулареб
/[χit͡ʃulareb]/
0
|
хичуларел
/[χit͡ʃularel]/
🔒
0
|
| Future Participle |
хичилев
/[χit͡ʃilew]/
0
|
хичилей
/[χit͡ʃilej]/
0
|
хичилеб
/[χit͡ʃileb]/
0
|
хичилел
/[χit͡ʃilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хичиларев
/[χit͡ʃilarew]/
0
|
хичиларей
/[χit͡ʃilarej]/
0
|
хичилареб
/[χit͡ʃilareb]/
0
|
хичиларел
/[χit͡ʃilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хичизехъин
[χit͡ʃizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хичизехъинро
[χit͡ʃizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хичеяв
/[χit͡ʃejaw]/
0
|
хичеяй
/[χit͡ʃejaj]/
0
|
хичеяб
/[χit͡ʃejab]/
0
|
хичеял
/[χit͡ʃejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хичарав
0
|
хичарай
0
|
хичараб
1
|
хичарал
0
|
| Ergative |
хичарас
0
|
хичаралъ
0
|
хичаралъ
0
|
хичараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хичарасул
0
|
хичаралъул
0
|
хичаралъул
0
|
хичаразул
0
|
| Dative |
хичарасе
0
|
хичаралъе
0
|
хичаралъе
0
|
хичаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хичарасда
0
|
хичаралъда
0
|
хичаралъда
0
|
хичаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хичарасде
0
|
хичаралъде
0
|
хичаралъде
0
|
хичаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хичарасдаса
0
|
хичаралъдаса
0
|
хичаралъдаса
0
|
хичараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хичарасдасан
0
|
хичаралъдасан
0
|
хичаралъдасан
0
|
хичараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хичарасухъ
0
|
хичаралъухъ
0
|
хичаралъухъ
0
|
хичаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хичарасухъе
0
|
хичаралъухъе
0
|
хичаралъухъе
0
|
хичаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хичарасухъа
0
|
хичаралъухъа
0
|
хичаралъухъа
0
|
хичаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хичарасухъан
0
|
хичаралъухъан
0
|
хичаралъухъан
0
|
хичаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хичарасулъ
0
|
хичаралъулъ
0
|
хичаралъулъ
0
|
хичаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хичарасулъе
0
|
хичаралъулъе
0
|
хичаралъулъе
0
|
хичаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хичарасулъа
0
|
хичаралъулъа
0
|
хичаралъулъа
0
|
хичаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хичарасулъан
0
|
хичаралъулъан
0
|
хичаралъулъан
0
|
хичаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хичарасукь
0
|
хичаралъукь
0
|
хичаралъукь
0
|
хичаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хичарасукье
0
|
хичаралъукье
0
|
хичаралъукье
0
|
хичаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хичарасукьа
0
|
хичаралъукьа
0
|
хичаралъукьа
0
|
хичаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хичарасукьан
0
|
хичаралъукьан
0
|
хичаралъукьан
0
|
хичаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хичун
[χit͡ʃun]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хичун
[χit͡ʃun]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хичичӀого
[χit͡ʃit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хичулаго
[χit͡ʃulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хичуларого
[χit͡ʃularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хичи
[χit͡ʃi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хичизе
[χit͡ʃize]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Causative |
хичизавизе
/[χit͡ʃizawize]/
0
|
хичизайизе
/[χit͡ʃizajize]/
0
|
хичизабизе
/[χit͡ʃizabize]/
0
|
хичизаризе
/[χit͡ʃizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хичизавуларо
/[χit͡ʃizawularo]/
0
|
хичизайуларо
/[χit͡ʃizajularo]/
0
|
хичизабуларо
/[χit͡ʃizabularo]/
0
|
хичизаруларо
/[χit͡ʃizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хичиаризе
[χit͡ʃijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хичиариларо
[χit͡ʃijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хич-хичизе
[χit͡ʃ-χit͡ʃize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хич-хичиларо
[χit͡ʃ-χit͡ʃilaro]
0
|
|||