Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
есть
жрать
покушать
скушать
съесть
точить
кушать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: kvine
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
180841
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
70
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
квана
[kʰwana]
🔒
141
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
квинчӀо
[kʰwint͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
квина
[kʰwina]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
квинаро
[kʰwinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
куна
[kʰuna]
🔒
14
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
кунаро
[kʰunaro]
🔒
5
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
кунаан
[kʰunajan]
🔒
9
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
кунароан
[kʰunarojan]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
ква
[kʰwa]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
кунге
[kʰunge]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Optative |
кваги
[kʰwagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
кунгеги
[kʰungegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
квинин
[kʰwinin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
квани
[kʰwani]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
квинчӀони
[kʰwint͡ʃʼoni]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
кванищ
[kʰwaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
квинчӀищ
[kʰwint͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
кунищ
[kʰuniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
кунарищ
[kʰunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
квинищ
[kʰwiniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
квинарищ
[kʰwinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
кварав
/[kʰwaraw]/
0
|
кварай
/[kʰwaraj]/
0
|
квараб
/[kʰwarab]/
🔒
48
|
кварал
/[kʰwaral]/
🔒
126
|
| Past Participle Negative |
квинчӀев
/[kʰwint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
квинчӀей
/[kʰwint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
квинчӀеб
/[kʰwint͡ʃʼeb]/
🔒
2
|
квинчӀел
/[kʰwint͡ʃʼel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle |
кунев
/[kʰunew]/
🔒
1
|
куней
/[kʰunej]/
🔒
1
|
кунеб
/[kʰuneb]/
🔒
34
|
кунел
/[kʰunel]/
🔒
14
|
| Present Participle Negative |
кунарев
/[kʰunarew]/
0
|
кунарей
/[kʰunarej]/
0
|
кунареб
/[kʰunareb]/
🔒
1
|
кунарел
/[kʰunarel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle |
квинев
/[kʰwinew]/
0
|
квиней
/[kʰwinej]/
0
|
квинеб
/[kʰwineb]/
0
|
квинел
/[kʰwinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
квинарев
/[kʰwinarew]/
0
|
квинарей
/[kʰwinarej]/
0
|
квинареб
/[kʰwinareb]/
0
|
квинарел
/[kʰwinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
квинехъин
[kʰwineq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
квинехъинро
[kʰwineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
кваяв
/[kʰwajaw]/
0
|
кваяй
/[kʰwajaj]/
0
|
кваяб
/[kʰwajab]/
🔒
2
|
кваял
/[kʰwajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
кварав
0
|
кварай
0
|
квараб
48
|
кварал
126
|
| Ergative |
кварас
1
|
кваралъ
3
|
кваралъ
3
|
квараз
9
|
| Genitive |
кварасул
1
|
кваралъул
1
|
кваралъул
1
|
кваразул
11
|
| Dative |
кварасе
0
|
кваралъе
0
|
кваралъе
0
|
кваразе
2
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
кварасда
0
|
кваралъда
0
|
кваралъда
0
|
кваразда
4
|
| Allative (-де) |
кварасде
0
|
кваралъде
0
|
кваралъде
0
|
кваразде
2
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
кварасдаса
0
|
кваралъдаса
0
|
кваралъдаса
0
|
квараздаса
2
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
кварасдасан
0
|
кваралъдасан
0
|
кваралъдасан
0
|
квараздасан
1
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
кварасухъ
0
|
кваралъухъ
0
|
кваралъухъ
0
|
кваразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
кварасухъе
0
|
кваралъухъе
0
|
кваралъухъе
0
|
кваразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
кварасухъа
0
|
кваралъухъа
0
|
кваралъухъа
0
|
кваразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
кварасухъан
0
|
кваралъухъан
0
|
кваралъухъан
0
|
кваразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
кварасулъ
0
|
кваралъулъ
0
|
кваралъулъ
0
|
кваразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
кварасулъе
0
|
кваралъулъе
0
|
кваралъулъе
0
|
кваразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
кварасулъа
0
|
кваралъулъа
0
|
кваралъулъа
0
|
кваразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
кварасулъан
0
|
кваралъулъан
0
|
кваралъулъан
0
|
кваразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
кварасукь
0
|
кваралъукь
0
|
кваралъукь
0
|
кваразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
кварасукье
0
|
кваралъукье
0
|
кваралъукье
0
|
кваразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
кварасукьа
0
|
кваралъукьа
0
|
кваралъукьа
0
|
кваразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
кварасукьан
0
|
кваралъукьан
0
|
кваралъукьан
0
|
кваразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
квун
[kʰwun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
кун
[kʰun]
🔒
93
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
квинчӀого
[kʰwint͡ʃʼogo]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
кунаго
[kʰunago]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
кунарого
[kʰunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
квин
[kʰwin]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Infinitive |
квине
[kʰwine]
🔒
70
|
|||
| Causative |
квинавизе
/[kʰwinawize]/
🔒
0
|
квинайизе
/[kʰwinajize]/
🔒
0
|
квинабизе
/[kʰwinabize]/
🔒
1
|
квинаризе
/[kʰwinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
квинавуларо
/[kʰwinawularo]/
0
|
квинайуларо
/[kʰwinajularo]/
0
|
квинабуларо
/[kʰwinabularo]/
0
|
квинаруларо
/[kʰwinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
кванхъизе
[kʰwanq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
кванхъиларо
[kʰwanq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
кви-квине
[kʰwi-kʰwine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
кви-квинаро
[kʰwi-kʰwinaro]
0
|
|||