Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: qeshchtʼeze
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
180849
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
7
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼolew wugo]/ |
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼolej jigo]/ |
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼoleb bugo]/ |
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼolel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼolew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼolej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼoleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼolel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
хъещтӀена
[q͡χːeʃːtʼena]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хъещтӀечӀо
[q͡χːeʃːtʼet͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хъещтӀела
[q͡χːeʃːtʼela]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хъещтӀеларо
[q͡χːeʃːtʼelaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хъещтӀола
[q͡χːeʃːtʼola]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хъещтӀоларо
[q͡χːeʃːtʼolaro]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хъещтӀолаан
[q͡χːeʃːtʼolaan]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хъещтӀолароан
[q͡χːeʃːtʼolaroan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хъещтӀе
[q͡χːeʃːtʼe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хъещтӀоге
[q͡χːeʃːtʼoge]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хъещтӀеги
[q͡χːeʃːtʼegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хъещтӀогеги
[q͡χːeʃːtʼogegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хъещтӀезин
[q͡χːeʃːtʼezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хъещтӀени
[q͡χːeʃːtʼeni]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хъещтӀечӀони
[q͡χːeʃːtʼet͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъещтӀенищ
[q͡χːeʃːtʼeniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъещтӀечӀищ
[q͡χːeʃːtʼet͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хъещтӀолищ
[q͡χːeʃːtʼoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъещтӀоларищ
[q͡χːeʃːtʼolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъещтӀелищ
[q͡χːeʃːtʼeliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъещтӀеларищ
[q͡χːeʃːtʼelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хъещтӀерав
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼeraw]/
0
|
хъещтӀерай
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼeraj]/
0
|
хъещтӀераб
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼerab]/
0
|
хъещтӀерал
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼeral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хъещтӀечӀев
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼet͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
хъещтӀечӀей
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼet͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
хъещтӀечӀеб
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼet͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
хъещтӀечӀел
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼet͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хъещтӀолев
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼolew]/
0
|
хъещтӀолей
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼolej]/
0
|
хъещтӀолеб
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼoleb]/
🔒
5
|
хъещтӀолел
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼolel]/
🔒
3
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хъещтӀоларев
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼolarew]/
0
|
хъещтӀоларей
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼolarej]/
0
|
хъещтӀолареб
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼolareb]/
0
|
хъещтӀоларел
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼolarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хъещтӀелев
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼelew]/
0
|
хъещтӀелей
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼelej]/
0
|
хъещтӀелеб
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼeleb]/
0
|
хъещтӀелел
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼelel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хъещтӀеларев
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼelarew]/
0
|
хъещтӀеларей
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼelarej]/
0
|
хъещтӀелареб
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼelareb]/
0
|
хъещтӀеларел
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хъещтӀезехъин
[q͡χːeʃːtʼezeq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хъещтӀезехъинро
[q͡χːeʃːtʼezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хъещтӀеяв
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼejaw]/
0
|
хъещтӀеяй
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼejaj]/
0
|
хъещтӀеяб
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼejab]/
0
|
хъещтӀеял
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хъещтӀерав
0
|
хъещтӀерай
0
|
хъещтӀераб
0
|
хъещтӀерал
0
|
| Ergative |
хъещтӀерас
0
|
хъещтӀералъ
0
|
хъещтӀералъ
0
|
хъещтӀераз
0
|
| Genitive |
хъещтӀерасул
0
|
хъещтӀералъул
0
|
хъещтӀералъул
0
|
хъещтӀеразул
0
|
| Dative |
хъещтӀерасе
0
|
хъещтӀералъе
0
|
хъещтӀералъе
0
|
хъещтӀеразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хъещтӀерасда
0
|
хъещтӀералъда
0
|
хъещтӀералъда
0
|
хъещтӀеразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хъещтӀерасде
0
|
хъещтӀералъде
0
|
хъещтӀералъде
0
|
хъещтӀеразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хъещтӀерасдаса
0
|
хъещтӀералъдаса
0
|
хъещтӀералъдаса
0
|
хъещтӀераздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хъещтӀерасдасан
0
|
хъещтӀералъдасан
0
|
хъещтӀералъдасан
0
|
хъещтӀераздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хъещтӀерасухъ
0
|
хъещтӀералъухъ
0
|
хъещтӀералъухъ
0
|
хъещтӀеразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хъещтӀерасухъе
0
|
хъещтӀералъухъе
0
|
хъещтӀералъухъе
0
|
хъещтӀеразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хъещтӀерасухъа
0
|
хъещтӀералъухъа
0
|
хъещтӀералъухъа
0
|
хъещтӀеразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хъещтӀерасухъан
0
|
хъещтӀералъухъан
0
|
хъещтӀералъухъан
0
|
хъещтӀеразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хъещтӀерасулъ
0
|
хъещтӀералъулъ
0
|
хъещтӀералъулъ
0
|
хъещтӀеразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хъещтӀерасулъе
0
|
хъещтӀералъулъе
0
|
хъещтӀералъулъе
0
|
хъещтӀеразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хъещтӀерасулъа
0
|
хъещтӀералъулъа
0
|
хъещтӀералъулъа
0
|
хъещтӀеразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хъещтӀерасулъан
0
|
хъещтӀералъулъан
0
|
хъещтӀералъулъан
0
|
хъещтӀеразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хъещтӀерасукь
0
|
хъещтӀералъукь
0
|
хъещтӀералъукь
0
|
хъещтӀеразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хъещтӀерасукье
0
|
хъещтӀералъукье
0
|
хъещтӀералъукье
0
|
хъещтӀеразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хъещтӀерасукьа
0
|
хъещтӀералъукьа
0
|
хъещтӀералъукьа
0
|
хъещтӀеразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хъещтӀерасукьан
0
|
хъещтӀералъукьан
0
|
хъещтӀералъукьан
0
|
хъещтӀеразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хъещтӀон
[q͡χːeʃːtʼon]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хъещтӀон
[q͡χːeʃːtʼon]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хъещтӀечӀого
[q͡χːeʃːtʼet͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хъещтӀолаго
[q͡χːeʃːtʼolago]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хъещтӀоларого
[q͡χːeʃːtʼolarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хъещтӀей
[q͡χːeʃːtʼej]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хъещтӀезе
[q͡χːeʃːtʼeze]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Causative |
хъещтӀезавизе
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼezawize]/
🔒
0
|
хъещтӀезайизе
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼezajize]/
🔒
0
|
хъещтӀезабизе
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼezabize]/
🔒
0
|
хъещтӀезаризе
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼezarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хъещтӀезавуларо
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼezawularo]/
0
|
хъещтӀезайуларо
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼezajularo]/
0
|
хъещтӀезабуларо
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼezabularo]/
0
|
хъещтӀезаруларо
/[q͡χːeʃːtʼezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хъещтӀеаризе
[q͡χːeʃːtʼearize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хъещтӀеариларо
[q͡χːeʃːtʼearilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хъещтӀ-хъещтӀезе
[q͡χːeʃːtʼ-q͡χːeʃːtʼeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хъещтӀ-хъещтӀеларо
[q͡χːeʃːtʼ-q͡χːeʃːtʼelaro]
0
|
|||