Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
жалить
колоть
колоться
кусать
наколоться
ужалить
уколоть
уколоться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: hhunchize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
180900
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
2
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
хӀунчана
[ħunt͡ʃana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хӀунчичӀо
[ħunt͡ʃit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хӀунчила
[ħunt͡ʃila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хӀунчиларо
[ħunt͡ʃilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хӀунчула
[ħunt͡ʃula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хӀунчуларо
[ħunt͡ʃularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хӀунчулаан
[ħunt͡ʃulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хӀунчулароан
[ħunt͡ʃularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хӀунче
[ħunt͡ʃe]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хӀунчуге
[ħunt͡ʃuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хӀунчеги
[ħunt͡ʃegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хӀунчугеги
[ħunt͡ʃugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хӀунчизин
[ħunt͡ʃizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хӀунчани
[ħunt͡ʃani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хӀунчичӀони
[ħunt͡ʃit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хӀунчанищ
[ħunt͡ʃaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀунчичӀищ
[ħunt͡ʃit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀунчулищ
[ħunt͡ʃuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀунчуларищ
[ħunt͡ʃulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хӀунчилищ
[ħunt͡ʃiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀунчиларищ
[ħunt͡ʃilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хӀунчарав
/[ħunt͡ʃaraw]/
🔒
0
|
хӀунчарай
/[ħunt͡ʃaraj]/
🔒
0
|
хӀунчараб
/[ħunt͡ʃarab]/
🔒
1
|
хӀунчарал
/[ħunt͡ʃaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хӀунчичӀев
/[ħunt͡ʃit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
хӀунчичӀей
/[ħunt͡ʃit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
хӀунчичӀеб
/[ħunt͡ʃit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
хӀунчичӀел
/[ħunt͡ʃit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хӀунчулев
/[ħunt͡ʃulew]/
🔒
0
|
хӀунчулей
/[ħunt͡ʃulej]/
🔒
0
|
хӀунчулеб
/[ħunt͡ʃuleb]/
🔒
2
|
хӀунчулел
/[ħunt͡ʃulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хӀунчуларев
/[ħunt͡ʃularew]/
0
|
хӀунчуларей
/[ħunt͡ʃularej]/
0
|
хӀунчулареб
/[ħunt͡ʃulareb]/
0
|
хӀунчуларел
/[ħunt͡ʃularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хӀунчилев
/[ħunt͡ʃilew]/
0
|
хӀунчилей
/[ħunt͡ʃilej]/
0
|
хӀунчилеб
/[ħunt͡ʃileb]/
0
|
хӀунчилел
/[ħunt͡ʃilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хӀунчиларев
/[ħunt͡ʃilarew]/
0
|
хӀунчиларей
/[ħunt͡ʃilarej]/
0
|
хӀунчилареб
/[ħunt͡ʃilareb]/
0
|
хӀунчиларел
/[ħunt͡ʃilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хӀунчизехъин
[ħunt͡ʃizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хӀунчизехъинро
[ħunt͡ʃizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хӀунчеяв
/[ħunt͡ʃejaw]/
0
|
хӀунчеяй
/[ħunt͡ʃejaj]/
0
|
хӀунчеяб
/[ħunt͡ʃejab]/
0
|
хӀунчеял
/[ħunt͡ʃejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хӀунчарав
0
|
хӀунчарай
0
|
хӀунчараб
1
|
хӀунчарал
1
|
| Ergative |
хӀунчарас
0
|
хӀунчаралъ
0
|
хӀунчаралъ
0
|
хӀунчараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хӀунчарасул
0
|
хӀунчаралъул
0
|
хӀунчаралъул
0
|
хӀунчаразул
0
|
| Dative |
хӀунчарасе
0
|
хӀунчаралъе
0
|
хӀунчаралъе
0
|
хӀунчаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хӀунчарасда
0
|
хӀунчаралъда
0
|
хӀунчаралъда
0
|
хӀунчаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хӀунчарасде
0
|
хӀунчаралъде
0
|
хӀунчаралъде
0
|
хӀунчаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хӀунчарасдаса
0
|
хӀунчаралъдаса
0
|
хӀунчаралъдаса
0
|
хӀунчараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хӀунчарасдасан
0
|
хӀунчаралъдасан
0
|
хӀунчаралъдасан
0
|
хӀунчараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хӀунчарасухъ
0
|
хӀунчаралъухъ
0
|
хӀунчаралъухъ
0
|
хӀунчаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хӀунчарасухъе
0
|
хӀунчаралъухъе
0
|
хӀунчаралъухъе
0
|
хӀунчаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хӀунчарасухъа
0
|
хӀунчаралъухъа
0
|
хӀунчаралъухъа
0
|
хӀунчаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хӀунчарасухъан
0
|
хӀунчаралъухъан
0
|
хӀунчаралъухъан
0
|
хӀунчаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хӀунчарасулъ
0
|
хӀунчаралъулъ
0
|
хӀунчаралъулъ
0
|
хӀунчаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хӀунчарасулъе
0
|
хӀунчаралъулъе
0
|
хӀунчаралъулъе
0
|
хӀунчаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хӀунчарасулъа
0
|
хӀунчаралъулъа
0
|
хӀунчаралъулъа
0
|
хӀунчаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хӀунчарасулъан
0
|
хӀунчаралъулъан
0
|
хӀунчаралъулъан
0
|
хӀунчаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хӀунчарасукь
0
|
хӀунчаралъукь
0
|
хӀунчаралъукь
0
|
хӀунчаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хӀунчарасукье
0
|
хӀунчаралъукье
0
|
хӀунчаралъукье
0
|
хӀунчаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хӀунчарасукьа
0
|
хӀунчаралъукьа
0
|
хӀунчаралъукьа
0
|
хӀунчаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хӀунчарасукьан
0
|
хӀунчаралъукьан
0
|
хӀунчаралъукьан
0
|
хӀунчаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хӀунчун
[ħunt͡ʃun]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хӀунчун
[ħunt͡ʃun]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хӀунчичӀого
[ħunt͡ʃit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хӀунчулаго
[ħunt͡ʃulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хӀунчуларого
[ħunt͡ʃularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хӀунчи
[ħunt͡ʃi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хӀунчизе
[ħunt͡ʃize]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Causative |
хӀунчизавизе
/[ħunt͡ʃizawize]/
0
|
хӀунчизайизе
/[ħunt͡ʃizajize]/
0
|
хӀунчизабизе
/[ħunt͡ʃizabize]/
0
|
хӀунчизаризе
/[ħunt͡ʃizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хӀунчизавуларо
/[ħunt͡ʃizawularo]/
0
|
хӀунчизайуларо
/[ħunt͡ʃizajularo]/
0
|
хӀунчизабуларо
/[ħunt͡ʃizabularo]/
0
|
хӀунчизаруларо
/[ħunt͡ʃizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хӀунчиаризе
[ħunt͡ʃijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хӀунчиариларо
[ħunt͡ʃijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хӀунч-хӀунчизе
[ħunt͡ʃ-ħunt͡ʃize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хӀунч-хӀунчиларо
[ħunt͡ʃ-ħunt͡ʃilaro]
0
|
|||