Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
журчать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: ghal-ghalize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
181407
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ʕal-ʕalulew wugo]/ |
/[ʕal-ʕalulej jigo]/ |
/[ʕal-ʕaluleb bugo]/ |
/[ʕal-ʕalulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ʕal-ʕalulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕal-ʕalulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕal-ʕaluleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕal-ʕalulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
гӀал-гӀалана
[ʕal-ʕalana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гӀал-гӀаличӀо
[ʕal-ʕalit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гӀал-гӀалила
[ʕal-ʕalila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гӀал-гӀалиларо
[ʕal-ʕalilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гӀал-гӀалула
[ʕal-ʕalula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гӀал-гӀалуларо
[ʕal-ʕalularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гӀал-гӀалулаан
[ʕal-ʕalulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гӀал-гӀалулароан
[ʕal-ʕalularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гӀал-гӀале
[ʕal-ʕale]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гӀал-гӀалуге
[ʕal-ʕaluge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гӀал-гӀалеги
[ʕal-ʕalegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гӀал-гӀалугеги
[ʕal-ʕalugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гӀал-гӀализин
[ʕal-ʕalizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гӀал-гӀалани
[ʕal-ʕalani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гӀал-гӀаличӀони
[ʕal-ʕalit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀал-гӀаланищ
[ʕal-ʕalaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀал-гӀаличӀищ
[ʕal-ʕalit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀал-гӀалулищ
[ʕal-ʕaluliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀал-гӀалуларищ
[ʕal-ʕalulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀал-гӀалилищ
[ʕal-ʕaliliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀал-гӀалиларищ
[ʕal-ʕalilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гӀал-гӀаларав
/[ʕal-ʕalaraw]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларай
/[ʕal-ʕalaraj]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀалараб
/[ʕal-ʕalarab]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларал
/[ʕal-ʕalaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гӀал-гӀаличӀев
/[ʕal-ʕalit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀаличӀей
/[ʕal-ʕalit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀаличӀеб
/[ʕal-ʕalit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀаличӀел
/[ʕal-ʕalit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гӀал-гӀалулев
/[ʕal-ʕalulew]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀалулей
/[ʕal-ʕalulej]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀалулеб
/[ʕal-ʕaluleb]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀалулел
/[ʕal-ʕalulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гӀал-гӀалуларев
/[ʕal-ʕalularew]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀалуларей
/[ʕal-ʕalularej]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀалулареб
/[ʕal-ʕalulareb]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀалуларел
/[ʕal-ʕalularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гӀал-гӀалилев
/[ʕal-ʕalilew]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀалилей
/[ʕal-ʕalilej]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀалилеб
/[ʕal-ʕalileb]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀалилел
/[ʕal-ʕalilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гӀал-гӀалиларев
/[ʕal-ʕalilarew]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀалиларей
/[ʕal-ʕalilarej]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀалилареб
/[ʕal-ʕalilareb]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀалиларел
/[ʕal-ʕalilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гӀал-гӀализехъин
[ʕal-ʕalizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гӀал-гӀализехъинро
[ʕal-ʕalizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гӀал-гӀалеяв
/[ʕal-ʕalejaw]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀалеяй
/[ʕal-ʕalejaj]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀалеяб
/[ʕal-ʕalejab]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀалеял
/[ʕal-ʕalejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гӀал-гӀаларав
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларай
0
|
гӀал-гӀалараб
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларал
0
|
| Ergative |
гӀал-гӀаларас
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъ
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъ
0
|
гӀал-гӀалараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гӀал-гӀаларасул
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъул
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъул
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларазул
0
|
| Dative |
гӀал-гӀаларасе
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъе
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъе
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларазе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гӀал-гӀаларасда
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъда
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъда
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларазда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гӀал-гӀаларасде
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъде
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъде
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларазде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гӀал-гӀаларасдаса
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъдаса
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъдаса
0
|
гӀал-гӀалараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гӀал-гӀаларасдасан
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъдасан
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъдасан
0
|
гӀал-гӀалараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гӀал-гӀаларасухъ
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъухъ
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъухъ
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларазухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гӀал-гӀаларасухъе
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъухъе
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъухъе
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларазухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гӀал-гӀаларасухъа
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъухъа
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъухъа
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларазухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гӀал-гӀаларасухъан
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъухъан
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъухъан
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларазухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гӀал-гӀаларасулъ
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъулъ
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъулъ
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларазулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гӀал-гӀаларасулъе
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъулъе
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъулъе
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларазулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гӀал-гӀаларасулъа
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъулъа
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъулъа
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларазулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гӀал-гӀаларасулъан
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъулъан
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъулъан
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларазулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гӀал-гӀаларасукь
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъукь
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъукь
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларазукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гӀал-гӀаларасукье
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъукье
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъукье
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларазукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гӀал-гӀаларасукьа
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъукьа
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъукьа
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларазукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гӀал-гӀаларасукьан
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъукьан
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларалъукьан
0
|
гӀал-гӀаларазукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гӀал-гӀалун
[ʕal-ʕalun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гӀал-гӀалун
[ʕal-ʕalun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гӀал-гӀаличӀого
[ʕal-ʕalit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гӀал-гӀалулаго
[ʕal-ʕalulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гӀал-гӀалуларого
[ʕal-ʕalularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гӀал-гӀали
[ʕal-ʕali]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гӀал-гӀализе
[ʕal-ʕalize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
гӀал-гӀализавизе
/[ʕal-ʕalizawize]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀализайизе
/[ʕal-ʕalizajize]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀализабизе
/[ʕal-ʕalizabize]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀализаризе
/[ʕal-ʕalizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гӀал-гӀализавуларо
/[ʕal-ʕalizawularo]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀализайуларо
/[ʕal-ʕalizajularo]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀализабуларо
/[ʕal-ʕalizabularo]/
0
|
гӀал-гӀализаруларо
/[ʕal-ʕalizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гӀал-гӀалиаризе
[ʕal-ʕalijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гӀал-гӀалиариларо
[ʕal-ʕalijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гӀал-гӀал-гӀал-гӀализе
[ʕal-ʕal-ʕal-ʕalize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гӀал-гӀал-гӀал-гӀалиларо
[ʕal-ʕal-ʕal-ʕalilaro]
0
|
|||