Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
забиться
залиться
заполниться
зарядить
заселиться
набить
наполниться
начинить
огласиться
пополниться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: ts'eze
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
181494
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
83
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
цӀана
[t͡sʼana]
🔒
99
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀечӀо
[t͡sˀet͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀела
[t͡sˀela]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀеларо
[t͡sˀelaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀола
[t͡sˀola]
🔒
9
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀоларо
[t͡sˀolaro]
🔒
3
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀолаан
[t͡sʼolajan]
🔒
9
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀолароан
[t͡sʼolarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀа
[t͡sʼa]
🔒
1409
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀоге
[t͡sˀoge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀаги
[t͡sˀagi]
🔒
132
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀогеги
[t͡sˀogegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀезин
[t͡sˀezin]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀани
[t͡sʼani]
🔒
51
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀечӀони
[t͡sˀet͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀанищ
[t͡sʼaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀечӀищ
[t͡sˀet͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀолищ
[t͡sˀoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀоларищ
[t͡sˀolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀелищ
[t͡sˀeliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀеларищ
[t͡sˀelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀарав
/[t͡sʼaraw]/
🔒
15
|
цӀарай
/[t͡sʼaraj]/
🔒
4
|
цӀараб
/[t͡sʼarab]/
🔒
92
|
цӀарал
/[t͡sʼaral]/
🔒
910
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀечӀев
/[t͡sˀet͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
цӀечӀей
/[t͡sˀet͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цӀечӀеб
/[t͡sˀet͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
7
|
цӀечӀел
/[t͡sˀet͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle |
цӀолев
/[t͡sˀolew]/
🔒
4
|
цӀолей
/[t͡sˀolej]/
🔒
2
|
цӀолеб
/[t͡sˀoleb]/
🔒
16
|
цӀолел
/[t͡sˀolel]/
🔒
8
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀоларев
/[t͡sˀolarew]/
0
|
цӀоларей
/[t͡sˀolarej]/
0
|
цӀолареб
/[t͡sˀolareb]/
0
|
цӀоларел
/[t͡sˀolarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
цӀелев
/[t͡sˀelew]/
0
|
цӀелей
/[t͡sˀelej]/
0
|
цӀелеб
/[t͡sˀeleb]/
0
|
цӀелел
/[t͡sˀelel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀеларев
/[t͡sˀelarew]/
0
|
цӀеларей
/[t͡sˀelarej]/
0
|
цӀелареб
/[t͡sˀelareb]/
0
|
цӀеларел
/[t͡sˀelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀезехъин
[t͡sˀezeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀезехъинро
[t͡sˀezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀаяв
/[t͡sʼajaw]/
🔒
0
|
цӀаяй
/[t͡sʼajaj]/
0
|
цӀаяб
/[t͡sʼajab]/
0
|
цӀаял
/[t͡sʼajal]/
🔒
61
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀарав
15
|
цӀарай
4
|
цӀараб
92
|
цӀарал
910
|
| Ergative |
цӀарас
1
|
цӀаралъ
38
|
цӀаралъ
38
|
цӀараз
5
|
| Genitive |
цӀарасул
0
|
цӀаралъул
76
|
цӀаралъул
76
|
цӀаразул
57
|
| Dative |
цӀарасе
0
|
цӀаралъе
132
|
цӀаралъе
132
|
цӀаразе
11
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀарасда
0
|
цӀаралъда
0
|
цӀаралъда
0
|
цӀаразда
80
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀарасде
0
|
цӀаралъде
0
|
цӀаралъде
0
|
цӀаразде
2
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀарасдаса
0
|
цӀаралъдаса
0
|
цӀаралъдаса
0
|
цӀараздаса
10
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀарасдасан
0
|
цӀаралъдасан
0
|
цӀаралъдасан
0
|
цӀараздасан
5
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀарасухъ
0
|
цӀаралъухъ
3
|
цӀаралъухъ
3
|
цӀаразухъ
5
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀарасухъе
0
|
цӀаралъухъе
0
|
цӀаралъухъе
0
|
цӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀарасухъа
0
|
цӀаралъухъа
0
|
цӀаралъухъа
0
|
цӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀарасухъан
0
|
цӀаралъухъан
0
|
цӀаралъухъан
0
|
цӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀарасулъ
0
|
цӀаралъулъ
3
|
цӀаралъулъ
3
|
цӀаразулъ
6
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀарасулъе
0
|
цӀаралъулъе
0
|
цӀаралъулъе
0
|
цӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀарасулъа
0
|
цӀаралъулъа
0
|
цӀаралъулъа
0
|
цӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀарасулъан
0
|
цӀаралъулъан
0
|
цӀаралъулъан
0
|
цӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀарасукь
0
|
цӀаралъукь
0
|
цӀаралъукь
0
|
цӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀарасукье
0
|
цӀаралъукье
0
|
цӀаралъукье
0
|
цӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀарасукьа
0
|
цӀаралъукьа
0
|
цӀаралъукьа
0
|
цӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀарасукьан
0
|
цӀаралъукьан
0
|
цӀаралъукьан
0
|
цӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀон
[t͡sʼon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀон
[t͡sˀon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀечӀого
[t͡sˀet͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀолаго
[t͡sˀolago]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀоларого
[t͡sˀolarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀей
[t͡sˀej]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀезе
[t͡sˀeze]
🔒
83
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀезавизе
/[t͡sʼezawize]/
🔒
0
|
цӀезайизе
/[t͡sʼezajize]/
🔒
0
|
цӀезабизе
/[t͡sˀezabize]/
🔒
41
|
цӀезаризе
/[t͡sʼezarize]/
🔒
9
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀезавуларо
/[t͡sʼezawularo]/
0
|
цӀезайуларо
/[t͡sʼezajularo]/
0
|
цӀезабуларо
/[t͡sˀezabularo]/
0
|
цӀезаруларо
/[t͡sʼezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀедаризе
[t͡sˀedarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀедариларо
[t͡sˀedarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀе-цӀезе
[t͡sʼe-t͡sʼeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀе-цӀеларо
[t͡sʼe-t͡sʼelaro]
0
|
|||