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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: qʼosine
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
181506
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
12
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
къосана
[q͡χˀːosana]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
къосинчӀо
[q͡χˀːosint͡ʃˀo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple |
къосина
[q͡χˀːosina]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
къосинаро
[q͡χˀːosinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
къосуна
[q͡χˀːosuna]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
къосунаро
[q͡χˀːosunaro]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
къосунаан
[q͡χʼːosunajan]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
къосунароан
[q͡χʼːosunarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
къоса
[q͡χˀːosa]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
къосунге
[q͡χˀːosunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
къосаги
[q͡χˀːosagi]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
къосунгеги
[q͡χˀːosungegi]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Hortative |
къосинин
[q͡χʼːosinin]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
къосани
[q͡χˀːosani]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
къосинчӀони
[q͡χˀːosint͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
къосанищ
[q͡χˀːosaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
къосинчӀищ
[q͡χˀːosint͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
къосунищ
[q͡χˀːosuniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
къосунарищ
[q͡χˀːosunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
къосинищ
[q͡χˀːosiniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
къосинарищ
[q͡χˀːosinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
къосарав
/[q͡χˀːosaraw]/
🔒
16
|
къосарай
/[q͡χˀːosaraj]/
🔒
4
|
къосараб
/[q͡χˀːosarab]/
🔒
54
|
къосарал
/[q͡χˀːosaral]/
🔒
36
|
| Past Participle Negative |
къосинчӀев
/[q͡χʼːosint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
къосинчӀей
/[q͡χʼːosint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
къосинчӀеб
/[q͡χʼːosint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
къосинчӀел
/[q͡χʼːosint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
къосунев
/[q͡χˀːosunew]/
🔒
1
|
къосуней
/[q͡χˀːosunej]/
🔒
0
|
къосунеб
/[q͡χˀːosuneb]/
🔒
1
|
къосунел
/[q͡χˀːosunel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle Negative |
къосунарев
/[q͡χˀːosunarew]/
🔒
1
|
къосунарей
/[q͡χʼːosunarej]/
0
|
къосунареб
/[q͡χʼːosunareb]/
0
|
къосунарел
/[q͡χˀːosunarel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle |
къосинев
/[q͡χʼːosinew]/
0
|
къосиней
/[q͡χʼːosinej]/
0
|
къосинеб
/[q͡χʼːosineb]/
0
|
къосинел
/[q͡χʼːosinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
къосинарев
/[q͡χʼːosinarew]/
0
|
къосинарей
/[q͡χʼːosinarej]/
0
|
къосинареб
/[q͡χʼːosinareb]/
0
|
къосинарел
/[q͡χʼːosinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
къосинехъин
[q͡χʼːosineq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
къосинехъинро
[q͡χʼːosineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
къосаяв
/[q͡χˀːosajaw]/
0
|
къосаяй
/[q͡χˀːosajaj]/
0
|
къосаяб
/[q͡χˀːosajab]/
0
|
къосаял
/[q͡χʼːosajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
къосарав
16
|
къосарай
4
|
къосараб
54
|
къосарал
36
|
| Ergative |
къосарас
0
|
къосаралъ
0
|
къосаралъ
0
|
къосараз
0
|
| Genitive |
къосарасул
2
|
къосаралъул
0
|
къосаралъул
0
|
къосаразул
2
|
| Dative |
къосарасе
2
|
къосаралъе
0
|
къосаралъе
0
|
къосаразе
1
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
къосарасда
0
|
къосаралъда
0
|
къосаралъда
0
|
къосаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
къосарасде
0
|
къосаралъде
0
|
къосаралъде
0
|
къосаразде
1
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
къосарасдаса
0
|
къосаралъдаса
0
|
къосаралъдаса
0
|
къосараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
къосарасдасан
0
|
къосаралъдасан
0
|
къосаралъдасан
0
|
къосараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
къосарасухъ
0
|
къосаралъухъ
0
|
къосаралъухъ
0
|
къосаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
къосарасухъе
0
|
къосаралъухъе
0
|
къосаралъухъе
0
|
къосаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
къосарасухъа
0
|
къосаралъухъа
0
|
къосаралъухъа
0
|
къосаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
къосарасухъан
0
|
къосаралъухъан
0
|
къосаралъухъан
0
|
къосаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
къосарасулъ
0
|
къосаралъулъ
0
|
къосаралъулъ
0
|
къосаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
къосарасулъе
0
|
къосаралъулъе
0
|
къосаралъулъе
0
|
къосаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
къосарасулъа
0
|
къосаралъулъа
0
|
къосаралъулъа
0
|
къосаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
къосарасулъан
0
|
къосаралъулъан
0
|
къосаралъулъан
0
|
къосаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
къосарасукь
0
|
къосаралъукь
0
|
къосаралъукь
0
|
къосаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
къосарасукье
0
|
къосаралъукье
0
|
къосаралъукье
0
|
къосаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
къосарасукьа
0
|
къосаралъукьа
0
|
къосаралъукьа
0
|
къосаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
къосарасукьан
0
|
къосаралъукьан
0
|
къосаралъукьан
0
|
къосаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
къосун
[q͡χʼːosun]
🔒
53
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
къосун
[q͡χˀːosun]
🔒
53
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
къосинчӀого
[q͡χˀːosint͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
къосунаго
[q͡χʼːosunago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
къосунарого
[q͡χˀːosunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
къосин
[q͡χˀːosin]
🔒
21
|
|||
| Infinitive |
къосине
[q͡χˀːosine]
🔒
12
|
|||
| Causative |
къосинавизе
/[q͡χʼːosinawize]/
🔒
9
|
къосинайизе
/[q͡χʼːosinajize]/
🔒
0
|
къосинабизе
/[q͡χˀːosinabize]/
🔒
2
|
къосинаризе
/[q͡χʼːosinarize]/
🔒
2
|
| Causative Negative |
къосинавуларо
/[q͡χʼːosinawularo]/
0
|
къосинайуларо
/[q͡χʼːosinajularo]/
0
|
къосинабуларо
/[q͡χˀːosinabularo]/
0
|
къосинаруларо
/[q͡χʼːosinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
къосанхъизе
[q͡χʼːosanq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
къосанхъиларо
[q͡χˀːosanq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
къос-къосине
[q͡χˀːos-q͡χˀːosine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
къос-къосинаро
[q͡χˀːos-q͡χˀːosinaro]
0
|
|||