Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
зазимовать
засмущаться
миновать
опустеть
остаться
теряться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: khutʼize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
182309
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
366
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
хутӀана
[χutˀana]
🔒
885
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хутӀичӀо
[χutˀit͡ʃˀo]
🔒
245
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хутӀила
[χutˀila]
🔒
119
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хутӀиларо
[χutˀilaro]
🔒
21
|
|||
| Constative |
хутӀула
[χutˀula]
🔒
285
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хутӀуларо
[χutˀularo]
🔒
123
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хутӀулаан
[χutʼulajan]
🔒
27
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хутӀулароан
[χutʼularojan]
🔒
26
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хутӀе
[χutˀe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хутӀуге
[χutˀuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хутӀеги
[χutʼegi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хутӀугеги
[χutˀugegi]
🔒
14
|
|||
| Hortative |
хутӀизин
[χutˀizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хутӀани
[χutˀani]
🔒
56
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хутӀичӀони
[χutˀit͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
4
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хутӀанищ
[χutˀaniʃː]
🔒
6
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хутӀичӀищ
[χutˀit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хутӀулищ
[χutˀuliʃː]
🔒
4
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хутӀуларищ
[χutˀulariʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хутӀилищ
[χutˀiliʃː]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хутӀиларищ
[χutˀilariʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хутӀарав
/[χutˀaraw]/
🔒
140
|
хутӀарай
/[χutˀaraj]/
🔒
45
|
хутӀараб
/[χutˀarab]/
🔒
611
|
хутӀарал
/[χutˀaral]/
🔒
737
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хутӀичӀев
/[χutˀit͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
7
|
хутӀичӀей
/[χutˀit͡ʃˀej]/
🔒
1
|
хутӀичӀеб
/[χutˀit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
9
|
хутӀичӀел
/[χutˀit͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
6
|
| Present Participle |
хутӀулев
/[χutˀulew]/
🔒
19
|
хутӀулей
/[χutˀulej]/
🔒
3
|
хутӀулеб
/[χutˀuleb]/
🔒
174
|
хутӀулел
/[χutˀulel]/
🔒
111
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хутӀуларев
/[χutˀularew]/
🔒
3
|
хутӀуларей
/[χutˀularej]/
🔒
0
|
хутӀулареб
/[χutˀulareb]/
🔒
10
|
хутӀуларел
/[χutˀularel]/
🔒
3
|
| Future Participle |
хутӀилев
/[χutˀilew]/
🔒
0
|
хутӀилей
/[χutˀilej]/
🔒
1
|
хутӀилеб
/[χutˀileb]/
🔒
15
|
хутӀилел
/[χutˀilel]/
🔒
2
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хутӀиларев
/[χutˀilarew]/
🔒
1
|
хутӀиларей
/[χutˀilarej]/
🔒
1
|
хутӀилареб
/[χutˀilareb]/
🔒
1
|
хутӀиларел
/[χutˀilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хутӀизехъин
[χutˀizeq͡χːin]
🔒
13
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хутӀизехъинро
[χutˀizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хутӀеяв
/[χutˀejaw]/
0
|
хутӀеяй
/[χutˀejaj]/
0
|
хутӀеяб
/[χutˀejab]/
0
|
хутӀеял
/[χutʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хутӀарав
140
|
хутӀарай
45
|
хутӀараб
611
|
хутӀарал
737
|
| Ergative |
хутӀарас
0
|
хутӀаралъ
0
|
хутӀаралъ
0
|
хутӀараз
24
|
| Genitive |
хутӀарасул
2
|
хутӀаралъул
9
|
хутӀаралъул
9
|
хутӀаразул
36
|
| Dative |
хутӀарасе
0
|
хутӀаралъе
1
|
хутӀаралъе
1
|
хутӀаразе
44
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хутӀарасда
0
|
хутӀаралъда
0
|
хутӀаралъда
0
|
хутӀаразда
21
|
| Allative (-де) |
хутӀарасде
0
|
хутӀаралъде
0
|
хутӀаралъде
0
|
хутӀаразде
2
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хутӀарасдаса
0
|
хутӀаралъдаса
0
|
хутӀаралъдаса
0
|
хутӀараздаса
7
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хутӀарасдасан
0
|
хутӀаралъдасан
0
|
хутӀаралъдасан
0
|
хутӀараздасан
1
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хутӀарасухъ
0
|
хутӀаралъухъ
5
|
хутӀаралъухъ
5
|
хутӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хутӀарасухъе
0
|
хутӀаралъухъе
0
|
хутӀаралъухъе
0
|
хутӀаразухъе
1
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хутӀарасухъа
0
|
хутӀаралъухъа
0
|
хутӀаралъухъа
0
|
хутӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хутӀарасухъан
0
|
хутӀаралъухъан
0
|
хутӀаралъухъан
0
|
хутӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хутӀарасулъ
0
|
хутӀаралъулъ
1
|
хутӀаралъулъ
1
|
хутӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хутӀарасулъе
0
|
хутӀаралъулъе
0
|
хутӀаралъулъе
0
|
хутӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хутӀарасулъа
0
|
хутӀаралъулъа
0
|
хутӀаралъулъа
0
|
хутӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хутӀарасулъан
0
|
хутӀаралъулъан
0
|
хутӀаралъулъан
0
|
хутӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хутӀарасукь
0
|
хутӀаралъукь
0
|
хутӀаралъукь
0
|
хутӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хутӀарасукье
0
|
хутӀаралъукье
0
|
хутӀаралъукье
0
|
хутӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хутӀарасукьа
0
|
хутӀаралъукьа
0
|
хутӀаралъукьа
0
|
хутӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хутӀарасукьан
0
|
хутӀаралъукьан
0
|
хутӀаралъукьан
0
|
хутӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хутӀун
[χutʼun]
🔒
1159
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хутӀун
[χutˀun]
🔒
1159
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хутӀичӀого
[χutˀit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
43
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хутӀулаго
[χutˀulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хутӀуларого
[χutˀularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хутӀи
[χutˀi]
🔒
92
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хутӀизе
[χutˀize]
🔒
366
|
|||
| Causative |
хутӀизавизе
/[χutʼizawize]/
🔒
0
|
хутӀизайизе
/[χutʼizajize]/
🔒
0
|
хутӀизабизе
/[χutˀizabize]/
🔒
3
|
хутӀизаризе
/[χutʼizarize]/
🔒
2
|
| Causative Negative |
хутӀизавуларо
/[χutʼizawularo]/
0
|
хутӀизайуларо
/[χutʼizajularo]/
0
|
хутӀизабуларо
/[χutˀizabularo]/
0
|
хутӀизаруларо
/[χutʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хутӀиаризе
[χutˀijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хутӀиариларо
[χutˀijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хутӀ-хутӀизе
[χutˀ-χutˀize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хутӀ-хутӀиларо
[χutˀ-χutˀilaro]
0
|
|||