Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
закалить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: lhadarize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
182425
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
5
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ɬadarulew wugo]/ |
/[ɬadarulej jigo]/ |
/[ɬadaruleb bugo]/ |
/[ɬadarulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ɬadarulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ɬadarulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ɬadaruleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ɬadarulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
лъадарана
[ɬadarana]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
лъадаричӀо
[ɬadarit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
лъадарила
[ɬadarila]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
лъадариларо
[ɬadarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
лъадарула
[ɬadarula]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
лъадаруларо
[ɬadarularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
лъадарулаан
[ɬadarulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
лъадарулароан
[ɬadarularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
лъадаре
[ɬadare]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
лъадаруге
[ɬadaruge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
лъадареги
[ɬadaregi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
лъадаругеги
[ɬadarugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
лъадаризин
[ɬadarizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
лъадарани
[ɬadarani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
лъадаричӀони
[ɬadarit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
лъадаранищ
[ɬadaraniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
лъадаричӀищ
[ɬadarit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
лъадарулищ
[ɬadaruliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
лъадаруларищ
[ɬadarulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
лъадарилищ
[ɬadariliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
лъадариларищ
[ɬadarilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
лъадарарав
/[ɬadararaw]/
🔒
8
|
лъадарарай
/[ɬadararaj]/
🔒
5
|
лъадарараб
/[ɬadararab]/
🔒
9
|
лъадарарал
/[ɬadararal]/
🔒
20
|
| Past Participle Negative |
лъадаричӀев
/[ɬadarit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
лъадаричӀей
/[ɬadarit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
лъадаричӀеб
/[ɬadarit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
лъадаричӀел
/[ɬadarit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
лъадарулев
/[ɬadarulew]/
🔒
0
|
лъадарулей
/[ɬadarulej]/
🔒
0
|
лъадарулеб
/[ɬadaruleb]/
🔒
2
|
лъадарулел
/[ɬadarulel]/
🔒
2
|
| Present Participle Negative |
лъадаруларев
/[ɬadarularew]/
0
|
лъадаруларей
/[ɬadarularej]/
0
|
лъадарулареб
/[ɬadarulareb]/
0
|
лъадаруларел
/[ɬadarularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
лъадарилев
/[ɬadarilew]/
0
|
лъадарилей
/[ɬadarilej]/
0
|
лъадарилеб
/[ɬadarileb]/
0
|
лъадарилел
/[ɬadarilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
лъадариларев
/[ɬadarilarew]/
0
|
лъадариларей
/[ɬadarilarej]/
0
|
лъадарилареб
/[ɬadarilareb]/
0
|
лъадариларел
/[ɬadarilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
лъадаризехъин
[ɬadarizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
лъадаризехъинро
[ɬadarizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
лъадареяв
/[ɬadarejaw]/
0
|
лъадареяй
/[ɬadarejaj]/
0
|
лъадареяб
/[ɬadarejab]/
0
|
лъадареял
/[ɬadarejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
лъадарарав
8
|
лъадарарай
5
|
лъадарараб
9
|
лъадарарал
20
|
| Ergative |
лъадарарас
0
|
лъадараралъ
0
|
лъадараралъ
0
|
лъадарараз
0
|
| Genitive |
лъадарарасул
0
|
лъадараралъул
0
|
лъадараралъул
0
|
лъадараразул
0
|
| Dative |
лъадарарасе
0
|
лъадараралъе
0
|
лъадараралъе
0
|
лъадараразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
лъадарарасда
0
|
лъадараралъда
0
|
лъадараралъда
0
|
лъадараразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
лъадарарасде
0
|
лъадараралъде
0
|
лъадараралъде
0
|
лъадараразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
лъадарарасдаса
0
|
лъадараралъдаса
0
|
лъадараралъдаса
0
|
лъадарараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
лъадарарасдасан
0
|
лъадараралъдасан
0
|
лъадараралъдасан
0
|
лъадарараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
лъадарарасухъ
0
|
лъадараралъухъ
0
|
лъадараралъухъ
0
|
лъадараразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
лъадарарасухъе
0
|
лъадараралъухъе
0
|
лъадараралъухъе
0
|
лъадараразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
лъадарарасухъа
0
|
лъадараралъухъа
0
|
лъадараралъухъа
0
|
лъадараразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
лъадарарасухъан
0
|
лъадараралъухъан
0
|
лъадараралъухъан
0
|
лъадараразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
лъадарарасулъ
0
|
лъадараралъулъ
0
|
лъадараралъулъ
0
|
лъадараразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
лъадарарасулъе
0
|
лъадараралъулъе
0
|
лъадараралъулъе
0
|
лъадараразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
лъадарарасулъа
0
|
лъадараралъулъа
0
|
лъадараралъулъа
0
|
лъадараразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
лъадарарасулъан
0
|
лъадараралъулъан
0
|
лъадараралъулъан
0
|
лъадараразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
лъадарарасукь
0
|
лъадараралъукь
0
|
лъадараралъукь
0
|
лъадараразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
лъадарарасукье
0
|
лъадараралъукье
0
|
лъадараралъукье
0
|
лъадараразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
лъадарарасукьа
0
|
лъадараралъукьа
0
|
лъадараралъукьа
0
|
лъадараразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
лъадарарасукьан
0
|
лъадараралъукьан
0
|
лъадараралъукьан
0
|
лъадараразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
лъадарун
[ɬadarun]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
лъадарун
[ɬadarun]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
лъадаричӀого
[ɬadarit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
лъадарулаго
[ɬadarulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
лъадаруларого
[ɬadarularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
лъадари
[ɬadari]
🔒
16
|
|||
| Infinitive |
лъадаризе
[ɬadarize]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Causative |
лъадаризавизе
/[ɬadarizawize]/
0
|
лъадаризайизе
/[ɬadarizajize]/
0
|
лъадаризабизе
/[ɬadarizabize]/
0
|
лъадаризаризе
/[ɬadarizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
лъадаризавуларо
/[ɬadarizawularo]/
0
|
лъадаризайуларо
/[ɬadarizajularo]/
0
|
лъадаризабуларо
/[ɬadarizabularo]/
0
|
лъадаризаруларо
/[ɬadarizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
лъадариаризе
[ɬadarijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
лъадариариларо
[ɬadarijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
лъадар-лъадаризе
[ɬadar-ɬadarize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
лъадар-лъадариларо
[ɬadar-ɬadarilaro]
0
|
|||