Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
закоченеть
застыть
коченеть
неметь
обморозиться
остыть
отмерзнуть
прозябнуть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ghunize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
182639
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
3
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
гӀунана
[ʕunana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гӀуничӀо
[ʕunit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гӀунила
[ʕunila]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гӀуниларо
[ʕunilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гӀунула
[ʕunula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гӀунуларо
[ʕunularo]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гӀунулаан
[ʕunulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гӀунулароан
[ʕunularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гӀуне
[ʕune]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гӀунуге
[ʕunuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гӀунеги
[ʕunegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гӀунугеги
[ʕunugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гӀунизин
[ʕunizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гӀунани
[ʕunani]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гӀуничӀони
[ʕunit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунанищ
[ʕunaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀуничӀищ
[ʕunit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунулищ
[ʕunuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунуларищ
[ʕunulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунилищ
[ʕuniliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀуниларищ
[ʕunilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гӀунарав
/[ʕunaraw]/
🔒
0
|
гӀунарай
/[ʕunaraj]/
🔒
0
|
гӀунараб
/[ʕunarab]/
🔒
2
|
гӀунарал
/[ʕunaral]/
🔒
2
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гӀуничӀев
/[ʕunit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гӀуничӀей
/[ʕunit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гӀуничӀеб
/[ʕunit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гӀуничӀел
/[ʕunit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гӀунулев
/[ʕunulew]/
🔒
1
|
гӀунулей
/[ʕunulej]/
🔒
0
|
гӀунулеб
/[ʕunuleb]/
🔒
1
|
гӀунулел
/[ʕunulel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гӀунуларев
/[ʕunularew]/
0
|
гӀунуларей
/[ʕunularej]/
0
|
гӀунулареб
/[ʕunulareb]/
0
|
гӀунуларел
/[ʕunularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гӀунилев
/[ʕunilew]/
0
|
гӀунилей
/[ʕunilej]/
0
|
гӀунилеб
/[ʕunileb]/
0
|
гӀунилел
/[ʕunilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гӀуниларев
/[ʕunilarew]/
0
|
гӀуниларей
/[ʕunilarej]/
0
|
гӀунилареб
/[ʕunilareb]/
0
|
гӀуниларел
/[ʕunilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гӀунизехъин
[ʕunizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гӀунизехъинро
[ʕunizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гӀунеяв
/[ʕunejaw]/
0
|
гӀунеяй
/[ʕunejaj]/
0
|
гӀунеяб
/[ʕunejab]/
0
|
гӀунеял
/[ʕunejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гӀунарав
0
|
гӀунарай
0
|
гӀунараб
2
|
гӀунарал
2
|
| Ergative |
гӀунарас
0
|
гӀунаралъ
0
|
гӀунаралъ
0
|
гӀунараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гӀунарасул
0
|
гӀунаралъул
0
|
гӀунаралъул
0
|
гӀунаразул
0
|
| Dative |
гӀунарасе
0
|
гӀунаралъе
0
|
гӀунаралъе
0
|
гӀунаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гӀунарасда
0
|
гӀунаралъда
0
|
гӀунаралъда
0
|
гӀунаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гӀунарасде
0
|
гӀунаралъде
0
|
гӀунаралъде
0
|
гӀунаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гӀунарасдаса
0
|
гӀунаралъдаса
0
|
гӀунаралъдаса
0
|
гӀунараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гӀунарасдасан
0
|
гӀунаралъдасан
0
|
гӀунаралъдасан
0
|
гӀунараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гӀунарасухъ
0
|
гӀунаралъухъ
0
|
гӀунаралъухъ
0
|
гӀунаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гӀунарасухъе
0
|
гӀунаралъухъе
0
|
гӀунаралъухъе
0
|
гӀунаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гӀунарасухъа
0
|
гӀунаралъухъа
0
|
гӀунаралъухъа
0
|
гӀунаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гӀунарасухъан
0
|
гӀунаралъухъан
0
|
гӀунаралъухъан
0
|
гӀунаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гӀунарасулъ
0
|
гӀунаралъулъ
0
|
гӀунаралъулъ
0
|
гӀунаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гӀунарасулъе
0
|
гӀунаралъулъе
0
|
гӀунаралъулъе
0
|
гӀунаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гӀунарасулъа
0
|
гӀунаралъулъа
0
|
гӀунаралъулъа
0
|
гӀунаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гӀунарасулъан
0
|
гӀунаралъулъан
0
|
гӀунаралъулъан
0
|
гӀунаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гӀунарасукь
0
|
гӀунаралъукь
0
|
гӀунаралъукь
0
|
гӀунаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гӀунарасукье
0
|
гӀунаралъукье
0
|
гӀунаралъукье
0
|
гӀунаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гӀунарасукьа
0
|
гӀунаралъукьа
0
|
гӀунаралъукьа
0
|
гӀунаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гӀунарасукьан
0
|
гӀунаралъукьан
0
|
гӀунаралъукьан
0
|
гӀунаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гӀунун
[ʕunun]
🔒
14
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гӀунун
[ʕunun]
🔒
14
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гӀуничӀого
[ʕunit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гӀунулаго
[ʕunulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гӀунуларого
[ʕunularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гӀуни
[ʕuni]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гӀунизе
[ʕunize]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Causative |
гӀунизавизе
/[ʕunizawize]/
0
|
гӀунизайизе
/[ʕunizajize]/
0
|
гӀунизабизе
/[ʕunizabize]/
0
|
гӀунизаризе
/[ʕunizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гӀунизавуларо
/[ʕunizawularo]/
0
|
гӀунизайуларо
/[ʕunizajularo]/
0
|
гӀунизабуларо
/[ʕunizabularo]/
0
|
гӀунизаруларо
/[ʕunizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гӀуниаризе
[ʕunijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гӀуниариларо
[ʕunijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гӀун-гӀунизе
[ʕun-ʕunize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гӀун-гӀуниларо
[ʕun-ʕunilaro]
0
|
|||