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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: gurginlhize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
182695
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[gurginɬulew wugo]/ |
/[gurginɬulej jigo]/ |
/[gurginɬuleb bugo]/ |
/[gurginɬulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[gurginɬulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[gurginɬulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[gurginɬuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[gurginɬulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
гургинлъана
[gurginɬana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гургинлъичӀо
[gurginɬit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гургинлъила
[gurginɬila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гургинлъиларо
[gurginɬilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гургинлъула
[gurginɬula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гургинлъуларо
[gurginɬularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гургинлъулаан
[gurginɬulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гургинлъулароан
[gurginɬularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гургинлъе
[gurginɬe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гургинлъуге
[gurginɬuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гургинлъеги
[gurginɬegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гургинлъугеги
[gurginɬugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гургинлъизин
[gurginɬizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гургинлъани
[gurginɬani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гургинлъичӀони
[gurginɬit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гургинлъанищ
[gurginɬaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гургинлъичӀищ
[gurginɬit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гургинлъулищ
[gurginɬuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гургинлъуларищ
[gurginɬulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гургинлъилищ
[gurginɬiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гургинлъиларищ
[gurginɬilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гургинлъарав
/[gurginɬaraw]/
🔒
0
|
гургинлъарай
/[gurginɬaraj]/
🔒
0
|
гургинлъараб
/[gurginɬarab]/
🔒
6
|
гургинлъарал
/[gurginɬaral]/
🔒
4
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гургинлъичӀев
/[gurginɬit͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
0
|
гургинлъичӀей
/[gurginɬit͡ʃˀej]/
🔒
0
|
гургинлъичӀеб
/[gurginɬit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
2
|
гургинлъичӀел
/[gurginɬit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гургинлъулев
/[gurginɬulew]/
0
|
гургинлъулей
/[gurginɬulej]/
0
|
гургинлъулеб
/[gurginɬuleb]/
0
|
гургинлъулел
/[gurginɬulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гургинлъуларев
/[gurginɬularew]/
0
|
гургинлъуларей
/[gurginɬularej]/
0
|
гургинлъулареб
/[gurginɬulareb]/
0
|
гургинлъуларел
/[gurginɬularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гургинлъилев
/[gurginɬilew]/
0
|
гургинлъилей
/[gurginɬilej]/
0
|
гургинлъилеб
/[gurginɬileb]/
0
|
гургинлъилел
/[gurginɬilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гургинлъиларев
/[gurginɬilarew]/
0
|
гургинлъиларей
/[gurginɬilarej]/
0
|
гургинлъилареб
/[gurginɬilareb]/
0
|
гургинлъиларел
/[gurginɬilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гургинлъизехъин
[gurginɬizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гургинлъизехъинро
[gurginɬizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гургинлъеяв
/[gurginɬejaw]/
0
|
гургинлъеяй
/[gurginɬejaj]/
0
|
гургинлъеяб
/[gurginɬejab]/
0
|
гургинлъеял
/[gurginɬejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гургинлъарав
0
|
гургинлъарай
0
|
гургинлъараб
6
|
гургинлъарал
4
|
| Ergative |
гургинлъарас
0
|
гургинлъаралъ
0
|
гургинлъаралъ
0
|
гургинлъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гургинлъарасул
0
|
гургинлъаралъул
0
|
гургинлъаралъул
0
|
гургинлъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
гургинлъарасе
0
|
гургинлъаралъе
0
|
гургинлъаралъе
0
|
гургинлъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гургинлъарасда
0
|
гургинлъаралъда
0
|
гургинлъаралъда
0
|
гургинлъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гургинлъарасде
0
|
гургинлъаралъде
0
|
гургинлъаралъде
0
|
гургинлъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гургинлъарасдаса
0
|
гургинлъаралъдаса
0
|
гургинлъаралъдаса
0
|
гургинлъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гургинлъарасдасан
0
|
гургинлъаралъдасан
0
|
гургинлъаралъдасан
0
|
гургинлъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гургинлъарасухъ
0
|
гургинлъаралъухъ
0
|
гургинлъаралъухъ
0
|
гургинлъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гургинлъарасухъе
0
|
гургинлъаралъухъе
0
|
гургинлъаралъухъе
0
|
гургинлъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гургинлъарасухъа
0
|
гургинлъаралъухъа
0
|
гургинлъаралъухъа
0
|
гургинлъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гургинлъарасухъан
0
|
гургинлъаралъухъан
0
|
гургинлъаралъухъан
0
|
гургинлъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гургинлъарасулъ
0
|
гургинлъаралъулъ
0
|
гургинлъаралъулъ
0
|
гургинлъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гургинлъарасулъе
0
|
гургинлъаралъулъе
0
|
гургинлъаралъулъе
0
|
гургинлъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гургинлъарасулъа
0
|
гургинлъаралъулъа
0
|
гургинлъаралъулъа
0
|
гургинлъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гургинлъарасулъан
0
|
гургинлъаралъулъан
0
|
гургинлъаралъулъан
0
|
гургинлъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гургинлъарасукь
0
|
гургинлъаралъукь
0
|
гургинлъаралъукь
0
|
гургинлъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гургинлъарасукье
0
|
гургинлъаралъукье
0
|
гургинлъаралъукье
0
|
гургинлъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гургинлъарасукьа
0
|
гургинлъаралъукьа
0
|
гургинлъаралъукьа
0
|
гургинлъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гургинлъарасукьан
0
|
гургинлъаралъукьан
0
|
гургинлъаралъукьан
0
|
гургинлъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гургинлъун
[gurginɬun]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гургинлъун
[gurginɬun]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гургинлъичӀого
[gurginɬit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гургинлъулаго
[gurginɬulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гургинлъуларого
[gurginɬularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гургинлъи
[gurginɬi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гургинлъизе
[gurginɬize]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
гургинлъизавизе
/[gurginɬizawize]/
0
|
гургинлъизайизе
/[gurginɬizajize]/
0
|
гургинлъизабизе
/[gurginɬizabize]/
0
|
гургинлъизаризе
/[gurginɬizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гургинлъизавуларо
/[gurginɬizawularo]/
0
|
гургинлъизайуларо
/[gurginɬizajularo]/
0
|
гургинлъизабуларо
/[gurginɬizabularo]/
0
|
гургинлъизаруларо
/[gurginɬizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гургинлъиаризе
[gurginɬijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гургинлъиариларо
[gurginɬijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гургинлъ-гургинлъизе
[gurginɬ-gurginɬize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гургинлъ-гургинлъиларо
[gurginɬ-gurginɬilaro]
0
|
|||