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🌐 Translations
Russian
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натереться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ts'vakize
Derivation Method
Derived From
Derivation Suffix
-к-и
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
182919
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
цӀвакана
[t͡sˀwakʰana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀвакичӀо
[t͡sˀwakʰit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀвакила
[t͡sˀwakʰila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀвакиларо
[t͡sˀwakʰilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀвакула
[t͡sˀwakʰula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀвакуларо
[t͡sˀwakʰularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀвакулаан
[t͡sʼwakʰulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀвакулароан
[t͡sʼwakʰularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀваке
[t͡sˀwakʰe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀвакуге
[t͡sˀwakʰuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀвакеги
[t͡sʼwakʰegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀвакугеги
[t͡sˀwakʰugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀвакизин
[t͡sˀwakʰizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀвакани
[t͡sˀwakʰani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀвакичӀони
[t͡sˀwakʰit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀваканищ
[t͡sˀwakʰaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀвакичӀищ
[t͡sˀwakʰit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀвакулищ
[t͡sˀwakʰuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀвакуларищ
[t͡sˀwakʰulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀвакилищ
[t͡sˀwakʰiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀвакиларищ
[t͡sˀwakʰilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀвакарав
/[t͡sˀwakʰaraw]/
🔒
0
|
цӀвакарай
/[t͡sˀwakʰaraj]/
🔒
0
|
цӀвакараб
/[t͡sˀwakʰarab]/
🔒
12
|
цӀвакарал
/[t͡sˀwakʰaral]/
🔒
11
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀвакичӀев
/[t͡sˀwakʰit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
цӀвакичӀей
/[t͡sˀwakʰit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цӀвакичӀеб
/[t͡sˀwakʰit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
цӀвакичӀел
/[t͡sˀwakʰit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
цӀвакулев
/[t͡sˀwakʰulew]/
0
|
цӀвакулей
/[t͡sˀwakʰulej]/
0
|
цӀвакулеб
/[t͡sˀwakʰuleb]/
0
|
цӀвакулел
/[t͡sˀwakʰulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀвакуларев
/[t͡sˀwakʰularew]/
0
|
цӀвакуларей
/[t͡sˀwakʰularej]/
0
|
цӀвакулареб
/[t͡sˀwakʰulareb]/
0
|
цӀвакуларел
/[t͡sˀwakʰularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
цӀвакилев
/[t͡sˀwakʰilew]/
0
|
цӀвакилей
/[t͡sˀwakʰilej]/
0
|
цӀвакилеб
/[t͡sˀwakʰileb]/
0
|
цӀвакилел
/[t͡sˀwakʰilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀвакиларев
/[t͡sˀwakʰilarew]/
0
|
цӀвакиларей
/[t͡sˀwakʰilarej]/
0
|
цӀвакилареб
/[t͡sˀwakʰilareb]/
0
|
цӀвакиларел
/[t͡sˀwakʰilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀвакизехъин
[t͡sˀwakʰizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀвакизехъинро
[t͡sˀwakʰizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀвакеяв
/[t͡sˀwakʰejaw]/
0
|
цӀвакеяй
/[t͡sˀwakʰejaj]/
0
|
цӀвакеяб
/[t͡sˀwakʰejab]/
0
|
цӀвакеял
/[t͡sʼwakʰejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀвакарав
0
|
цӀвакарай
0
|
цӀвакараб
12
|
цӀвакарал
11
|
| Ergative |
цӀвакарас
0
|
цӀвакаралъ
0
|
цӀвакаралъ
0
|
цӀвакараз
0
|
| Genitive |
цӀвакарасул
0
|
цӀвакаралъул
0
|
цӀвакаралъул
0
|
цӀвакаразул
0
|
| Dative |
цӀвакарасе
0
|
цӀвакаралъе
0
|
цӀвакаралъе
0
|
цӀвакаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀвакарасда
0
|
цӀвакаралъда
0
|
цӀвакаралъда
0
|
цӀвакаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀвакарасде
0
|
цӀвакаралъде
0
|
цӀвакаралъде
0
|
цӀвакаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀвакарасдаса
0
|
цӀвакаралъдаса
0
|
цӀвакаралъдаса
0
|
цӀвакараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀвакарасдасан
0
|
цӀвакаралъдасан
0
|
цӀвакаралъдасан
0
|
цӀвакараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀвакарасухъ
0
|
цӀвакаралъухъ
0
|
цӀвакаралъухъ
0
|
цӀвакаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀвакарасухъе
0
|
цӀвакаралъухъе
0
|
цӀвакаралъухъе
0
|
цӀвакаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀвакарасухъа
0
|
цӀвакаралъухъа
0
|
цӀвакаралъухъа
0
|
цӀвакаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀвакарасухъан
0
|
цӀвакаралъухъан
0
|
цӀвакаралъухъан
0
|
цӀвакаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀвакарасулъ
0
|
цӀвакаралъулъ
0
|
цӀвакаралъулъ
0
|
цӀвакаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀвакарасулъе
0
|
цӀвакаралъулъе
0
|
цӀвакаралъулъе
0
|
цӀвакаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀвакарасулъа
0
|
цӀвакаралъулъа
0
|
цӀвакаралъулъа
0
|
цӀвакаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀвакарасулъан
0
|
цӀвакаралъулъан
0
|
цӀвакаралъулъан
0
|
цӀвакаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀвакарасукь
0
|
цӀвакаралъукь
0
|
цӀвакаралъукь
0
|
цӀвакаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀвакарасукье
0
|
цӀвакаралъукье
0
|
цӀвакаралъукье
0
|
цӀвакаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀвакарасукьа
0
|
цӀвакаралъукьа
0
|
цӀвакаралъукьа
0
|
цӀвакаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀвакарасукьан
0
|
цӀвакаралъукьан
0
|
цӀвакаралъукьан
0
|
цӀвакаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀвакун
[t͡sʼwakʰun]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀвакун
[t͡sˀwakʰun]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀвакичӀого
[t͡sˀwakʰit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀвакулаго
[t͡sˀwakʰulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀвакуларого
[t͡sˀwakʰularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀваки
[t͡sˀwakʰi]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀвакизе
[t͡sˀwakʰize]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀвакизавизе
/[t͡sʼwakʰizawize]/
🔒
0
|
цӀвакизайизе
/[t͡sʼwakʰizajize]/
🔒
0
|
цӀвакизабизе
/[t͡sˀwakʰizabize]/
🔒
4
|
цӀвакизаризе
/[t͡sʼwakʰizarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀвакизавуларо
/[t͡sʼwakʰizawularo]/
0
|
цӀвакизайуларо
/[t͡sʼwakʰizajularo]/
0
|
цӀвакизабуларо
/[t͡sˀwakʰizabularo]/
0
|
цӀвакизаруларо
/[t͡sʼwakʰizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀвакиаризе
[t͡sˀwakʰijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀвакиариларо
[t͡sˀwakʰijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀвак-цӀвакизе
[t͡sˀwakʰ-t͡sˀwakʰize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀвак-цӀвакиларо
[t͡sˀwakʰ-t͡sˀwakʰilaro]
0
|
|||