Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
заменить
заместить
измениться
искривиться
обменяться
обменять
обратиться
перейти
переменить
переродиться
повернуться
преобразоваться
променять
разменять
слагать
сменить
смениться
трансформироваться
чередоваться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: khisize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
182950
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
410
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
хисана
[χisana]
🔒
356
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хисичӀо
[χisit͡ʃˀo]
🔒
55
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хисила
[χisila]
🔒
9
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хисиларо
[χisilaro]
🔒
9
|
|||
| Constative |
хисула
[χisula]
🔒
96
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хисуларо
[χisularo]
🔒
37
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хисулаан
[χisulajan]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хисулароан
[χisularojan]
🔒
4
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хисе
[χise]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хисуге
[χisuge]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Optative |
хисеги
[χisegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хисугеги
[χisugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хисизин
[χisizin]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хисани
[χisani]
🔒
13
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хисичӀони
[χisit͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
8
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хисанищ
[χisaniʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хисичӀищ
[χisit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хисулищ
[χisuliʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хисуларищ
[χisulariʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хисилищ
[χisiliʃː]
🔒
3
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хисиларищ
[χisilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хисарав
/[χisaraw]/
🔒
10
|
хисарай
/[χisaraj]/
🔒
4
|
хисараб
/[χisarab]/
🔒
67
|
хисарал
/[χisaral]/
🔒
15
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хисичӀев
/[χisit͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
4
|
хисичӀей
/[χisit͡ʃˀej]/
🔒
3
|
хисичӀеб
/[χisit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
6
|
хисичӀел
/[χisit͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
9
|
| Present Participle |
хисулев
/[χisulew]/
🔒
84
|
хисулей
/[χisulej]/
🔒
8
|
хисулеб
/[χisuleb]/
🔒
132
|
хисулел
/[χisulel]/
🔒
70
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хисуларев
/[χisularew]/
🔒
3
|
хисуларей
/[χisularej]/
🔒
2
|
хисулареб
/[χisulareb]/
🔒
22
|
хисуларел
/[χisularel]/
🔒
7
|
| Future Participle |
хисилев
/[χisilew]/
🔒
0
|
хисилей
/[χisilej]/
🔒
0
|
хисилеб
/[χisileb]/
🔒
8
|
хисилел
/[χisilel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хисиларев
/[χisilarew]/
0
|
хисиларей
/[χisilarej]/
0
|
хисилареб
/[χisilareb]/
0
|
хисиларел
/[χisilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хисизехъин
[χisizeq͡χːin]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хисизехъинро
[χisizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хисеяв
/[χisejaw]/
0
|
хисеяй
/[χisejaj]/
0
|
хисеяб
/[χisejab]/
0
|
хисеял
/[χisejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хисарав
10
|
хисарай
4
|
хисараб
67
|
хисарал
15
|
| Ergative |
хисарас
0
|
хисаралъ
0
|
хисаралъ
0
|
хисараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хисарасул
0
|
хисаралъул
0
|
хисаралъул
0
|
хисаразул
3
|
| Dative |
хисарасе
0
|
хисаралъе
0
|
хисаралъе
0
|
хисаразе
1
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хисарасда
0
|
хисаралъда
0
|
хисаралъда
0
|
хисаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хисарасде
0
|
хисаралъде
0
|
хисаралъде
0
|
хисаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хисарасдаса
0
|
хисаралъдаса
0
|
хисаралъдаса
0
|
хисараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хисарасдасан
0
|
хисаралъдасан
0
|
хисаралъдасан
0
|
хисараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хисарасухъ
0
|
хисаралъухъ
2
|
хисаралъухъ
2
|
хисаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хисарасухъе
0
|
хисаралъухъе
0
|
хисаралъухъе
0
|
хисаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хисарасухъа
0
|
хисаралъухъа
0
|
хисаралъухъа
0
|
хисаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хисарасухъан
0
|
хисаралъухъан
0
|
хисаралъухъан
0
|
хисаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хисарасулъ
0
|
хисаралъулъ
0
|
хисаралъулъ
0
|
хисаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хисарасулъе
0
|
хисаралъулъе
0
|
хисаралъулъе
0
|
хисаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хисарасулъа
0
|
хисаралъулъа
0
|
хисаралъулъа
0
|
хисаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хисарасулъан
0
|
хисаралъулъан
0
|
хисаралъулъан
0
|
хисаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хисарасукь
0
|
хисаралъукь
0
|
хисаралъукь
0
|
хисаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хисарасукье
0
|
хисаралъукье
0
|
хисаралъукье
0
|
хисаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хисарасукьа
0
|
хисаралъукьа
0
|
хисаралъукьа
0
|
хисаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хисарасукьан
0
|
хисаралъукьан
0
|
хисаралъукьан
0
|
хисаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хисун
[χisun]
🔒
487
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хисун
[χisun]
🔒
487
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хисичӀого
[χisit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
86
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хисулаго
[χisulago]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хисуларого
[χisularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хиси
[χisi]
🔒
208
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хисизе
[χisize]
🔒
410
|
|||
| Causative |
хисизавизе
/[χisizawize]/
🔒
0
|
хисизайизе
/[χisizajize]/
🔒
0
|
хисизабизе
/[χisizabize]/
🔒
178
|
хисизаризе
/[χisizarize]/
🔒
12
|
| Causative Negative |
хисизавуларо
/[χisizawularo]/
🔒
0
|
хисизайуларо
/[χisizajularo]/
🔒
0
|
хисизабуларо
/[χisizabularo]/
🔒
1
|
хисизаруларо
/[χisizarularo]/
🔒
0
|
| Durative |
хисиаризе
[χisijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хисиариларо
[χisijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хис-хисизе
[χis-χisize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хис-хисиларо
[χis-χisilaro]
0
|
|||