Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
заплесневеть
зацвести
плесневеть
подопреть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: kkalaze
Derivation Method
Derived From
Derivation Suffix
-ай
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
183399
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
ккалана
[kːalana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
ккалачӀо
[kːalat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
ккалала
[kːalala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
ккалаларо
[kːalalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
ккалала
[kːalala]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
ккалаларо
[kːalalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
ккалалаан
[kːalalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
ккалалароан
[kːalalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
ккала
[kːala]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
ккалаге
[kːalage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
ккалаги
[kːalagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
ккалагеги
[kːalagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
ккалазин
[kːalazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
ккалани
[kːalani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
ккалачӀони
[kːalat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
ккаланищ
[kːalaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ккалачӀищ
[kːalat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
ккалалищ
[kːalaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
ккалаларищ
[kːalalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
ккалалищ
[kːalaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ккалаларищ
[kːalalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
ккаларав
/[kːalaraw]/
0
|
ккаларай
/[kːalaraj]/
0
|
ккалараб
/[kːalarab]/
🔒
1
|
ккаларал
/[kːalaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
ккалачӀев
/[kːalat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
ккалачӀей
/[kːalat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
ккалачӀеб
/[kːalat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
ккалачӀел
/[kːalat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
ккалалев
/[kːalalew]/
0
|
ккалалей
/[kːalalej]/
0
|
ккалалеб
/[kːalaleb]/
0
|
ккалалел
/[kːalalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
ккалаларев
/[kːalalarew]/
0
|
ккалаларей
/[kːalalarej]/
0
|
ккалалареб
/[kːalalareb]/
0
|
ккалаларел
/[kːalalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
ккалалев
/[kːalalew]/
0
|
ккалалей
/[kːalalej]/
0
|
ккалалеб
/[kːalaleb]/
0
|
ккалалел
/[kːalalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
ккалаларев
/[kːalalarew]/
0
|
ккалаларей
/[kːalalarej]/
0
|
ккалалареб
/[kːalalareb]/
0
|
ккалаларел
/[kːalalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
ккалазехъин
[kːalazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
ккалазехъинро
[kːalazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
ккалаяв
/[kːalajaw]/
0
|
ккалаяй
/[kːalajaj]/
0
|
ккалаяб
/[kːalajab]/
0
|
ккалаял
/[kːalajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
ккаларав
0
|
ккаларай
0
|
ккалараб
1
|
ккаларал
0
|
| Ergative |
ккаларас
0
|
ккаларалъ
0
|
ккаларалъ
0
|
ккалараз
0
|
| Genitive |
ккаларасул
0
|
ккаларалъул
0
|
ккаларалъул
0
|
ккаларазул
0
|
| Dative |
ккаларасе
0
|
ккаларалъе
0
|
ккаларалъе
0
|
ккаларазе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
ккаларасда
0
|
ккаларалъда
0
|
ккаларалъда
0
|
ккаларазда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
ккаларасде
0
|
ккаларалъде
0
|
ккаларалъде
0
|
ккаларазде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
ккаларасдаса
0
|
ккаларалъдаса
0
|
ккаларалъдаса
0
|
ккалараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
ккаларасдасан
0
|
ккаларалъдасан
0
|
ккаларалъдасан
0
|
ккалараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
ккаларасухъ
0
|
ккаларалъухъ
0
|
ккаларалъухъ
0
|
ккаларазухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
ккаларасухъе
0
|
ккаларалъухъе
0
|
ккаларалъухъе
0
|
ккаларазухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
ккаларасухъа
0
|
ккаларалъухъа
0
|
ккаларалъухъа
0
|
ккаларазухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
ккаларасухъан
0
|
ккаларалъухъан
0
|
ккаларалъухъан
0
|
ккаларазухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
ккаларасулъ
0
|
ккаларалъулъ
0
|
ккаларалъулъ
0
|
ккаларазулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
ккаларасулъе
0
|
ккаларалъулъе
0
|
ккаларалъулъе
0
|
ккаларазулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
ккаларасулъа
0
|
ккаларалъулъа
0
|
ккаларалъулъа
0
|
ккаларазулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
ккаларасулъан
0
|
ккаларалъулъан
0
|
ккаларалъулъан
0
|
ккаларазулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
ккаларасукь
0
|
ккаларалъукь
0
|
ккаларалъукь
0
|
ккаларазукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
ккаларасукье
0
|
ккаларалъукье
0
|
ккаларалъукье
0
|
ккаларазукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
ккаларасукьа
0
|
ккаларалъукьа
0
|
ккаларалъукьа
0
|
ккаларазукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
ккаларасукьан
0
|
ккаларалъукьан
0
|
ккаларалъукьан
0
|
ккаларазукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
ккалан
[kːalan]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
ккалан
[kːalan]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
ккалачӀого
[kːalat͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
ккалалаго
[kːalalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
ккалаларого
[kːalalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
ккалай
[kːalaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
ккалазе
[kːalaze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
ккалазавизе
/[kːalazawize]/
0
|
ккалазайизе
/[kːalazajize]/
0
|
ккалазабизе
/[kːalazabize]/
0
|
ккалазаризе
/[kːalazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
ккалазавуларо
/[kːalazawularo]/
0
|
ккалазайуларо
/[kːalazajularo]/
0
|
ккалазабуларо
/[kːalazabularo]/
0
|
ккалазаруларо
/[kːalazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
ккалааризе
[kːalajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
ккалаариларо
[kːalajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
ккала-ккалазе
[kːala-kːalaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
ккала-ккалаларо
[kːala-kːalalaro]
0
|
|||