Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
затесать; 1) (об)тесать, (об)строгать что-л. 2) диал. (о)чинить, заточить что-л.
English
1) to plane, shave (wood) 2) dialect: to sharpen (a pencil, etc.)
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: buts'ize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Active
Class-based
Yes
Verb Class
Class III
System Information
Database ID
184081
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
3
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
вуцӀана
/[wut͡sʼana]/
0
|
йуцӀана
/[jut͡sʼana]/
0
юцӀана
/[jut͡sʼana]/
0
|
буцӀана
/[but͡sʼana]/
0
|
руцӀана
/[rut͡sʼana]/
0
|
| Past Simple Negative |
вуцӀичӀо
/[wut͡sʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
йуцӀичӀо
/[jut͡sʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
юцӀичӀо
/[jut͡sʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
буцӀичӀо
/[but͡sʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
руцӀичӀо
/[rut͡sʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
вуцӀила
/[wut͡sʼila]/
0
|
йуцӀила
/[jut͡sʼila]/
0
юцӀила
/[jut͡sʼila]/
0
|
буцӀила
/[but͡sʼila]/
0
|
руцӀила
/[rut͡sʼila]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
вуцӀиларо
/[wut͡sʼilaro]/
0
|
йуцӀиларо
/[jut͡sʼilaro]/
0
юцӀиларо
/[jut͡sʼilaro]/
0
|
буцӀиларо
/[but͡sʼilaro]/
0
|
руцӀиларо
/[rut͡sʼilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
вуцӀула
/[wut͡sʼula]/
0
|
йуцӀула
/[jut͡sʼula]/
0
юцӀула
/[jut͡sʼula]/
0
|
буцӀула
/[but͡sˀula]/
🔒
0
|
руцӀула
/[rut͡sˀula]/
🔒
1
|
| Constative Negative |
вуцӀуларо
/[wut͡sʼularo]/
0
|
йуцӀуларо
/[jut͡sʼularo]/
0
юцӀуларо
/[jut͡sʼularo]/
0
|
буцӀуларо
/[but͡sʼularo]/
0
|
руцӀуларо
/[rut͡sʼularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
вуцӀулаан
/[wut͡sʼulajan]/
0
|
йуцӀулаан
/[jut͡sʼulajan]/
0
юцӀулаан
/[jut͡sʼulaan]/
0
|
буцӀулаан
/[but͡sʼulajan]/
0
|
руцӀулаан
/[rut͡sʼulajan]/
0
|
| Remote Past Negative |
вуцӀулароан
/[wut͡sʼularojan]/
0
|
йуцӀулароан
/[jut͡sʼularojan]/
0
юцӀулароан
/[jut͡sʼularoan]/
0
|
буцӀулароан
/[but͡sʼularojan]/
0
|
руцӀулароан
/[rut͡sʼularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
вуцӀе
/[wut͡sʼe]/
0
|
йуцӀе
/[jut͡sʼe]/
0
юцӀе
/[jut͡sʼe]/
0
|
буцӀе
/[but͡sˀe]/
🔒
0
|
руцӀе
/[rut͡sʼe]/
0
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
вуцӀуге
/[wut͡sʼuge]/
0
|
йуцӀуге
/[jut͡sʼuge]/
0
юцӀуге
/[jut͡sʼuge]/
0
|
буцӀуге
/[but͡sʼuge]/
0
|
руцӀуге
/[rut͡sʼuge]/
0
|
| Optative |
вуцӀеги
/[wut͡sʼegi]/
0
|
йуцӀеги
/[jut͡sʼegi]/
0
юцӀеги
/[jut͡sʼegi]/
0
|
буцӀеги
/[but͡sʼegi]/
🔒
0
|
руцӀеги
/[rut͡sʼegi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
вуцӀугеги
/[wut͡sʼugegi]/
0
|
йуцӀугеги
/[jut͡sʼugegi]/
0
юцӀугеги
/[jut͡sʼugegi]/
0
|
буцӀугеги
/[but͡sʼugegi]/
0
|
руцӀугеги
/[rut͡sʼugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
вуцӀизин
/[wut͡sʼizin]/
0
|
йуцӀизин
/[jut͡sʼizin]/
0
юцӀизин
/[jut͡sʼizin]/
0
|
буцӀизин
/[but͡sʼizin]/
0
|
руцӀизин
/[rut͡sʼizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
вуцӀани
/[wut͡sʼani]/
0
|
йуцӀани
/[jut͡sʼani]/
0
юцӀани
/[jut͡sʼani]/
0
|
буцӀани
/[but͡sʼani]/
0
|
руцӀани
/[rut͡sʼani]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
вуцӀичӀони
/[wut͡sʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
йуцӀичӀони
/[jut͡sʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
юцӀичӀони
/[jut͡sʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
буцӀичӀони
/[but͡sʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
руцӀичӀони
/[rut͡sʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
вуцӀанищ
/[wut͡sʼaniʃː]/
0
|
йуцӀанищ
/[jut͡sʼaniʃː]/
0
юцӀанищ
/[jut͡sʼaniʃː]/
0
|
буцӀанищ
/[but͡sʼaniʃː]/
0
|
руцӀанищ
/[rut͡sʼaniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вуцӀичӀищ
/[wut͡sʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
йуцӀичӀищ
/[jut͡sʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
юцӀичӀищ
/[jut͡sʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
буцӀичӀищ
/[but͡sʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
руцӀичӀищ
/[rut͡sʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
вуцӀулищ
/[wut͡sʼuliʃː]/
0
|
йуцӀулищ
/[jut͡sʼuliʃː]/
0
юцӀулищ
/[jut͡sʼuliʃː]/
0
|
буцӀулищ
/[but͡sʼuliʃː]/
0
|
руцӀулищ
/[rut͡sʼuliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
вуцӀуларищ
/[wut͡sʼulariʃː]/
0
|
йуцӀуларищ
/[jut͡sʼulariʃː]/
0
юцӀуларищ
/[jut͡sʼulariʃː]/
0
|
буцӀуларищ
/[but͡sʼulariʃː]/
0
|
руцӀуларищ
/[rut͡sʼulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
вуцӀилищ
/[wut͡sʼiliʃː]/
0
|
йуцӀилищ
/[jut͡sʼiliʃː]/
0
юцӀилищ
/[jut͡sʼiliʃː]/
0
|
буцӀилищ
/[but͡sʼiliʃː]/
0
|
руцӀилищ
/[rut͡sʼiliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вуцӀиларищ
/[wut͡sʼilariʃː]/
0
|
йуцӀиларищ
/[jut͡sʼilariʃː]/
0
юцӀиларищ
/[jut͡sʼilariʃː]/
0
|
буцӀиларищ
/[but͡sʼilariʃː]/
0
|
руцӀиларищ
/[rut͡sʼilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
вуцӀарав
/[wut͡sʼaraw]/
0
|
йуцӀарай
/[jut͡sʼaraj]/
0
юцӀарай
/[jut͡sʼaraj]/
0
|
буцӀараб
/[but͡sˀarab]/
🔒
3
|
руцӀарал
/[rut͡sʼaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
вуцӀичӀев
/[wut͡sʼit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
йуцӀичӀей
/[jut͡sʼit͡ʃʼej]/
0
юцӀичӀей
/[jut͡sʼit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
буцӀичӀеб
/[but͡sʼit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
руцӀичӀел
/[rut͡sˀit͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
2
|
| Present Participle |
вуцӀулев
/[wut͡sʼulew]/
0
|
йуцӀулей
/[jut͡sʼulej]/
0
юцӀулей
/[jut͡sʼulej]/
0
|
буцӀулеб
/[but͡sʼuleb]/
0
|
руцӀулел
/[rut͡sˀulel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle Negative |
вуцӀуларев
/[wut͡sʼularew]/
0
|
йуцӀуларей
/[jut͡sʼularej]/
0
юцӀуларей
/[jut͡sʼularej]/
0
|
буцӀулареб
/[but͡sʼulareb]/
0
|
руцӀуларел
/[rut͡sʼularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
вуцӀилев
/[wut͡sʼilew]/
0
|
йуцӀилей
/[jut͡sʼilej]/
0
юцӀилей
/[jut͡sʼilej]/
0
|
буцӀилеб
/[but͡sʼileb]/
0
|
руцӀилел
/[rut͡sʼilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
вуцӀиларев
/[wut͡sʼilarew]/
0
|
йуцӀиларей
/[jut͡sʼilarej]/
0
юцӀиларей
/[jut͡sʼilarej]/
0
|
буцӀилареб
/[but͡sʼilareb]/
0
|
руцӀиларел
/[rut͡sʼilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
вуцӀизехъин
/[wut͡sʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
йуцӀизехъин
/[jut͡sʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
юцӀизехъин
/[jut͡sʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
буцӀизехъин
/[but͡sʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
руцӀизехъин
/[rut͡sʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
вуцӀизехъинро
/[wut͡sʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
йуцӀизехъинро
/[jut͡sʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
юцӀизехъинро
/[jut͡sʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
буцӀизехъинро
/[but͡sʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
руцӀизехъинро
/[rut͡sʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
вуцӀеяв
/[wut͡sʼejaw]/
0
|
йуцӀеяй
/[jut͡sʼejaj]/
0
юцӀеяй
/[jut͡sʼejaj]/
0
|
буцӀеяб
/[but͡sʼejab]/
0
|
руцӀеял
/[rut͡sʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
вуцӀарав
0
|
йуцӀарай
0
юцӀарай
0
|
буцӀараб
3
|
руцӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
вуцӀарас
0
|
йуцӀаралъ
0
юцӀаралъ
0
|
буцӀаралъ
0
|
руцӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
вуцӀарасул
0
|
йуцӀаралъул
0
юцӀаралъул
0
|
буцӀаралъул
0
|
руцӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
вуцӀарасе
0
|
йуцӀаралъе
0
юцӀаралъе
0
|
буцӀаралъе
0
|
руцӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
вуцӀарасда
0
|
йуцӀаралъда
0
юцӀаралъда
0
|
буцӀаралъда
0
|
руцӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
вуцӀарасде
0
|
йуцӀаралъде
0
юцӀаралъде
0
|
буцӀаралъде
0
|
руцӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
вуцӀарасдаса
0
|
йуцӀаралъдаса
0
юцӀаралъдаса
0
|
буцӀаралъдаса
0
|
руцӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
вуцӀарасдасан
0
|
йуцӀаралъдасан
0
юцӀаралъдасан
0
|
буцӀаралъдасан
0
|
руцӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
вуцӀарасухъ
0
|
йуцӀаралъухъ
0
юцӀаралъухъ
0
|
буцӀаралъухъ
0
|
руцӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
вуцӀарасухъе
0
|
йуцӀаралъухъе
0
юцӀаралъухъе
0
|
буцӀаралъухъе
0
|
руцӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
вуцӀарасухъа
0
|
йуцӀаралъухъа
0
юцӀаралъухъа
0
|
буцӀаралъухъа
0
|
руцӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
вуцӀарасухъан
0
|
йуцӀаралъухъан
0
юцӀаралъухъан
0
|
буцӀаралъухъан
0
|
руцӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
вуцӀарасулъ
0
|
йуцӀаралъулъ
0
юцӀаралъулъ
0
|
буцӀаралъулъ
0
|
руцӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
вуцӀарасулъе
0
|
йуцӀаралъулъе
0
юцӀаралъулъе
0
|
буцӀаралъулъе
0
|
руцӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
вуцӀарасулъа
0
|
йуцӀаралъулъа
0
юцӀаралъулъа
0
|
буцӀаралъулъа
0
|
руцӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
вуцӀарасулъан
0
|
йуцӀаралъулъан
0
юцӀаралъулъан
0
|
буцӀаралъулъан
0
|
руцӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
вуцӀарасукь
0
|
йуцӀаралъукь
0
юцӀаралъукь
0
|
буцӀаралъукь
0
|
руцӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
вуцӀарасукье
0
|
йуцӀаралъукье
0
юцӀаралъукье
0
|
буцӀаралъукье
0
|
руцӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
вуцӀарасукьа
0
|
йуцӀаралъукьа
0
юцӀаралъукьа
0
|
буцӀаралъукьа
0
|
руцӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
вуцӀарасукьан
0
|
йуцӀаралъукьан
0
юцӀаралъукьан
0
|
буцӀаралъукьан
0
|
руцӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
вуцӀун
/[wut͡sʼun]/
🔒
7
|
йуцӀун
/[jut͡sʼun]/
0
юцӀун
/[jut͡sʼun]/
🔒
2
|
буцӀун
/[but͡sʼun]/
🔒
10
|
руцӀун
/[rut͡sʼun]/
🔒
21
|
| Adverbial Past |
вуцӀун
/[wut͡sˀun]/
🔒
7
|
йуцӀун
/[jut͡sˀun]/
🔒
0
юцӀун
/[jut͡sʼun]/
🔒
2
|
буцӀун
/[but͡sˀun]/
🔒
10
|
руцӀун
/[rut͡sˀun]/
🔒
21
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
вуцӀичӀого
/[wut͡sʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
йуцӀичӀого
/[jut͡sʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
юцӀичӀого
/[jut͡sʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
буцӀичӀого
/[but͡sʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
руцӀичӀого
/[rut͡sʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
вуцӀулаго
/[wut͡sʼulago]/
0
|
йуцӀулаго
/[jut͡sʼulago]/
0
юцӀулаго
/[jut͡sʼulago]/
0
|
буцӀулаго
/[but͡sʼulago]/
0
|
руцӀулаго
/[rut͡sʼulago]/
0
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
вуцӀуларого
/[wut͡sʼularogo]/
0
|
йуцӀуларого
/[jut͡sʼularogo]/
0
юцӀуларого
/[jut͡sʼularogo]/
0
|
буцӀуларого
/[but͡sʼularogo]/
0
|
руцӀуларого
/[rut͡sʼularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
вуцӀи
/[wut͡sʼi]/
0
|
йуцӀи
/[jut͡sʼi]/
0
юцӀи
/[jut͡sʼi]/
0
|
буцӀи
/[but͡sʼi]/
0
|
руцӀи
/[rut͡sʼi]/
0
|
| Infinitive |
вуцӀизе
/[wut͡sʼize]/
0
|
йуцӀизе
/[jut͡sʼize]/
0
юцӀизе
/[jut͡sʼize]/
0
|
буцӀизе
/[but͡sˀize]/
🔒
3
|
руцӀизе
/[rut͡sʼize]/
0
|
| Causative |
вуцӀизавизе
/[wut͡sʼizawize]/
0
|
йуцӀизайизе
/[jut͡sʼizajize]/
0
юцӀизайизе
/[jut͡sʼizajize]/
0
|
буцӀизабизе
/[but͡sʼizabize]/
0
|
руцӀизаризе
/[rut͡sʼizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
вуцӀизавуларо
/[wut͡sʼizawularo]/
0
|
йуцӀизайуларо
/[jut͡sʼizajularo]/
0
юцӀизайуларо
/[jut͡sʼizajularo]/
0
|
буцӀизабуларо
/[but͡sʼizabularo]/
0
|
руцӀизаруларо
/[rut͡sʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
вуцӀиаризе
/[wut͡sʼijarize]/
0
|
йуцӀиаризе
/[jut͡sʼijarize]/
0
юцӀиаризе
/[jut͡sʼiarize]/
0
|
буцӀиаризе
/[but͡sʼijarize]/
0
|
руцӀиаризе
/[rut͡sʼijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
вуцӀиариларо
/[wut͡sʼijarilaro]/
0
|
йуцӀиариларо
/[jut͡sʼijarilaro]/
0
юцӀиариларо
/[jut͡sʼiarilaro]/
0
|
буцӀиариларо
/[but͡sʼijarilaro]/
0
|
руцӀиариларо
/[rut͡sʼijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
вуцӀ-вуцӀизе
/[wut͡sʼ-wut͡sʼize]/
0
|
йуцӀ-йуцӀизе
/[jut͡sʼ-jut͡sʼize]/
0
юцӀ-юцӀизе
/[jut͡sʼ-jut͡sʼize]/
0
|
буцӀ-буцӀизе
/[but͡sʼ-but͡sʼize]/
0
|
руцӀ-руцӀизе
/[rut͡sʼ-rut͡sʼize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
вуцӀ-вуцӀиларо
/[wut͡sʼ-wut͡sʼilaro]/
0
|
йуцӀ-йуцӀиларо
/[jut͡sʼ-jut͡sʼilaro]/
0
юцӀ-юцӀиларо
/[jut͡sʼ-jut͡sʼilaro]/
0
|
буцӀ-буцӀиларо
/[but͡sʼ-but͡sʼilaro]/
0
|
руцӀ-руцӀиларо
/[rut͡sʼ-rut͡sʼilaro]/
0
|