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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: zahhmalhize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
184182
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
36
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[zaħmaɬulew wugo]/ |
/[zaħmaɬulej jigo]/ |
/[zaħmaɬuleb bugo]/ |
/[zaħmaɬulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[zaħmaɬulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[zaħmaɬulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[zaħmaɬuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[zaħmaɬulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
захӀмалъана
[zaħmaɬana]
🔒
51
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
захӀмалъичӀо
[zaħmaɬit͡ʃˀo]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Future Simple |
захӀмалъила
[zaħmaɬila]
🔒
9
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
захӀмалъиларо
[zaħmaɬilaro]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Constative |
захӀмалъула
[zaħmaɬula]
🔒
124
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
захӀмалъуларо
[zaħmaɬularo]
🔒
6
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
захӀмалъулаан
[zaħmaɬulajan]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
захӀмалъулароан
[zaħmaɬularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
захӀмалъе
[zaħmaɬe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
захӀмалъуге
[zaħmaɬuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
захӀмалъеги
[zaħmaɬegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
захӀмалъугеги
[zaħmaɬugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
захӀмалъизин
[zaħmaɬizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
захӀмалъани
[zaħmaɬani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
захӀмалъичӀони
[zaħmaɬit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
захӀмалъанищ
[zaħmaɬaniʃː]
🔒
3
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
захӀмалъичӀищ
[zaħmaɬit͡ʃˀiʃː]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
захӀмалъулищ
[zaħmaɬuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
захӀмалъуларищ
[zaħmaɬulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
захӀмалъилищ
[zaħmaɬiliʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
захӀмалъиларищ
[zaħmaɬilariʃː]
🔒
2
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
захӀмалъарав
/[zaħmaɬaraw]/
🔒
2
|
захӀмалъарай
/[zaħmaɬaraj]/
🔒
2
|
захӀмалъараб
/[zaħmaɬarab]/
🔒
18
|
захӀмалъарал
/[zaħmaɬaral]/
🔒
5
|
| Past Participle Negative |
захӀмалъичӀев
/[zaħmaɬit͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
1
|
захӀмалъичӀей
/[zaħmaɬit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
захӀмалъичӀеб
/[zaħmaɬit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
1
|
захӀмалъичӀел
/[zaħmaɬit͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle |
захӀмалъулев
/[zaħmaɬulew]/
🔒
2
|
захӀмалъулей
/[zaħmaɬulej]/
🔒
1
|
захӀмалъулеб
/[zaħmaɬuleb]/
🔒
85
|
захӀмалъулел
/[zaħmaɬulel]/
🔒
13
|
| Present Participle Negative |
захӀмалъуларев
/[zaħmaɬularew]/
0
|
захӀмалъуларей
/[zaħmaɬularej]/
0
|
захӀмалъулареб
/[zaħmaɬulareb]/
🔒
3
|
захӀмалъуларел
/[zaħmaɬularel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle |
захӀмалъилев
/[zaħmaɬilew]/
0
|
захӀмалъилей
/[zaħmaɬilej]/
0
|
захӀмалъилеб
/[zaħmaɬileb]/
0
|
захӀмалъилел
/[zaħmaɬilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
захӀмалъиларев
/[zaħmaɬilarew]/
0
|
захӀмалъиларей
/[zaħmaɬilarej]/
0
|
захӀмалъилареб
/[zaħmaɬilareb]/
0
|
захӀмалъиларел
/[zaħmaɬilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
захӀмалъизехъин
[zaħmaɬizeq͡χːin]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
захӀмалъизехъинро
[zaħmaɬizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
захӀмалъеяв
/[zaħmaɬejaw]/
0
|
захӀмалъеяй
/[zaħmaɬejaj]/
0
|
захӀмалъеяб
/[zaħmaɬejab]/
0
|
захӀмалъеял
/[zaħmaɬejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
захӀмалъарав
2
|
захӀмалъарай
2
|
захӀмалъараб
18
|
захӀмалъарал
5
|
| Ergative |
захӀмалъарас
0
|
захӀмалъаралъ
0
|
захӀмалъаралъ
0
|
захӀмалъараз
1
|
| Genitive |
захӀмалъарасул
0
|
захӀмалъаралъул
0
|
захӀмалъаралъул
0
|
захӀмалъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
захӀмалъарасе
0
|
захӀмалъаралъе
0
|
захӀмалъаралъе
0
|
захӀмалъаразе
1
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
захӀмалъарасда
0
|
захӀмалъаралъда
0
|
захӀмалъаралъда
0
|
захӀмалъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
захӀмалъарасде
0
|
захӀмалъаралъде
0
|
захӀмалъаралъде
0
|
захӀмалъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
захӀмалъарасдаса
0
|
захӀмалъаралъдаса
0
|
захӀмалъаралъдаса
0
|
захӀмалъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
захӀмалъарасдасан
0
|
захӀмалъаралъдасан
0
|
захӀмалъаралъдасан
0
|
захӀмалъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
захӀмалъарасухъ
0
|
захӀмалъаралъухъ
0
|
захӀмалъаралъухъ
0
|
захӀмалъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
захӀмалъарасухъе
0
|
захӀмалъаралъухъе
0
|
захӀмалъаралъухъе
0
|
захӀмалъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
захӀмалъарасухъа
0
|
захӀмалъаралъухъа
0
|
захӀмалъаралъухъа
0
|
захӀмалъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
захӀмалъарасухъан
0
|
захӀмалъаралъухъан
0
|
захӀмалъаралъухъан
0
|
захӀмалъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
захӀмалъарасулъ
0
|
захӀмалъаралъулъ
0
|
захӀмалъаралъулъ
0
|
захӀмалъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
захӀмалъарасулъе
0
|
захӀмалъаралъулъе
0
|
захӀмалъаралъулъе
0
|
захӀмалъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
захӀмалъарасулъа
0
|
захӀмалъаралъулъа
0
|
захӀмалъаралъулъа
0
|
захӀмалъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
захӀмалъарасулъан
0
|
захӀмалъаралъулъан
0
|
захӀмалъаралъулъан
0
|
захӀмалъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
захӀмалъарасукь
0
|
захӀмалъаралъукь
0
|
захӀмалъаралъукь
0
|
захӀмалъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
захӀмалъарасукье
0
|
захӀмалъаралъукье
0
|
захӀмалъаралъукье
0
|
захӀмалъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
захӀмалъарасукьа
0
|
захӀмалъаралъукьа
0
|
захӀмалъаралъукьа
0
|
захӀмалъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
захӀмалъарасукьан
0
|
захӀмалъаралъукьан
0
|
захӀмалъаралъукьан
0
|
захӀмалъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
захӀмалъун
[zaħmaɬun]
🔒
48
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
захӀмалъун
[zaħmaɬun]
🔒
48
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
захӀмалъичӀого
[zaħmaɬit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
захӀмалъулаго
[zaħmaɬulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
захӀмалъуларого
[zaħmaɬularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
захӀмалъи
[zaħmaɬi]
🔒
231
|
|||
| Infinitive |
захӀмалъизе
[zaħmaɬize]
🔒
36
|
|||
| Causative |
захӀмалъизавизе
/[zaħmaɬizawize]/
🔒
0
|
захӀмалъизайизе
/[zaħmaɬizajize]/
🔒
0
|
захӀмалъизабизе
/[zaħmaɬizabize]/
🔒
1
|
захӀмалъизаризе
/[zaħmaɬizarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
захӀмалъизавуларо
/[zaħmaɬizawularo]/
0
|
захӀмалъизайуларо
/[zaħmaɬizajularo]/
0
|
захӀмалъизабуларо
/[zaħmaɬizabularo]/
0
|
захӀмалъизаруларо
/[zaħmaɬizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
захӀмалъиаризе
[zaħmaɬijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
захӀмалъиариларо
[zaħmaɬijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
захӀмалъ-захӀмалъизе
[zaħmaɬ-zaħmaɬize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
захӀмалъ-захӀмалъиларо
[zaħmaɬ-zaħmaɬilaro]
0
|
|||