Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
захаять
крыть
марать
оговорить
поносить
хаять
хулить
честить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: kakize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
184254
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
65
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
какана
[kʰakʰana]
🔒
21
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
какичӀо
[kʰakʰit͡ʃˀo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple |
какила
[kʰakʰila]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
какиларо
[kʰakʰilaro]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Constative |
какула
[kʰakʰula]
🔒
20
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
какуларо
[kʰakʰularo]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
какулаан
[kʰakʰulajan]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
какулароан
[kʰakʰularojan]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
каке
[kʰakʰe]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
какуге
[kʰakʰuge]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Optative |
какеги
[kʰakʰegi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
какугеги
[kʰakʰugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
какизин
[kʰakʰizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
какани
[kʰakʰani]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
какичӀони
[kʰakʰit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
каканищ
[kʰakʰaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
какичӀищ
[kʰakʰit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
какулищ
[kʰakʰuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
какуларищ
[kʰakʰulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
какилищ
[kʰakʰiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
какиларищ
[kʰakʰilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
какарав
/[kʰakʰaraw]/
🔒
1
|
какарай
/[kʰakʰaraj]/
0
|
какараб
/[kʰakʰarab]/
🔒
32
|
какарал
/[kʰakʰaral]/
🔒
13
|
| Past Participle Negative |
какичӀев
/[kʰakʰit͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
1
|
какичӀей
/[kʰakʰit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
какичӀеб
/[kʰakʰit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
1
|
какичӀел
/[kʰakʰit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
какулев
/[kʰakʰulew]/
🔒
29
|
какулей
/[kʰakʰulej]/
0
|
какулеб
/[kʰakʰuleb]/
🔒
38
|
какулел
/[kʰakʰulel]/
🔒
31
|
| Present Participle Negative |
какуларев
/[kʰakʰularew]/
0
|
какуларей
/[kʰakʰularej]/
🔒
1
|
какулареб
/[kʰakʰulareb]/
🔒
1
|
какуларел
/[kʰakʰularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
какилев
/[kʰakʰilew]/
0
|
какилей
/[kʰakʰilej]/
0
|
какилеб
/[kʰakʰileb]/
🔒
1
|
какилел
/[kʰakʰilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
какиларев
/[kʰakʰilarew]/
0
|
какиларей
/[kʰakʰilarej]/
0
|
какилареб
/[kʰakʰilareb]/
0
|
какиларел
/[kʰakʰilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
какизехъин
[kʰakʰizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
какизехъинро
[kʰakʰizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
какеяв
/[kʰakʰejaw]/
0
|
какеяй
/[kʰakʰejaj]/
0
|
какеяб
/[kʰakʰejab]/
0
|
какеял
/[kʰakʰejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
какарав
1
|
какарай
0
|
какараб
32
|
какарал
13
|
| Ergative |
какарас
0
|
какаралъ
0
|
какаралъ
0
|
какараз
0
|
| Genitive |
какарасул
0
|
какаралъул
0
|
какаралъул
0
|
какаразул
0
|
| Dative |
какарасе
0
|
какаралъе
0
|
какаралъе
0
|
какаразе
1
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
какарасда
0
|
какаралъда
0
|
какаралъда
0
|
какаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
какарасде
0
|
какаралъде
0
|
какаралъде
0
|
какаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
какарасдаса
0
|
какаралъдаса
0
|
какаралъдаса
0
|
какараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
какарасдасан
0
|
какаралъдасан
0
|
какаралъдасан
0
|
какараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
какарасухъ
0
|
какаралъухъ
0
|
какаралъухъ
0
|
какаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
какарасухъе
0
|
какаралъухъе
0
|
какаралъухъе
0
|
какаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
какарасухъа
0
|
какаралъухъа
0
|
какаралъухъа
0
|
какаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
какарасухъан
0
|
какаралъухъан
0
|
какаралъухъан
0
|
какаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
какарасулъ
0
|
какаралъулъ
0
|
какаралъулъ
0
|
какаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
какарасулъе
0
|
какаралъулъе
0
|
какаралъулъе
0
|
какаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
какарасулъа
0
|
какаралъулъа
0
|
какаралъулъа
0
|
какаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
какарасулъан
0
|
какаралъулъан
0
|
какаралъулъан
0
|
какаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
какарасукь
0
|
какаралъукь
0
|
какаралъукь
0
|
какаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
какарасукье
0
|
какаралъукье
0
|
какаралъукье
0
|
какаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
какарасукьа
0
|
какаралъукьа
0
|
какаралъукьа
0
|
какаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
какарасукьан
0
|
какаралъукьан
0
|
какаралъукьан
0
|
какаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
какун
[kʰakʰun]
🔒
62
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
какун
[kʰakʰun]
🔒
62
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
какичӀого
[kʰakʰit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
какулаго
[kʰakʰulago]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
какуларого
[kʰakʰularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
каки
[kʰakʰi]
🔒
60
|
|||
| Infinitive |
какизе
[kʰakʰize]
🔒
65
|
|||
| Causative |
какизавизе
/[kʰakʰizawize]/
0
|
какизайизе
/[kʰakʰizajize]/
0
|
какизабизе
/[kʰakʰizabize]/
0
|
какизаризе
/[kʰakʰizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
какизавуларо
/[kʰakʰizawularo]/
0
|
какизайуларо
/[kʰakʰizajularo]/
0
|
какизабуларо
/[kʰakʰizabularo]/
0
|
какизаруларо
/[kʰakʰizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
какиаризе
[kʰakʰijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
какиариларо
[kʰakʰijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
как-какизе
[kʰakʰ-kʰakʰize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
как-какиларо
[kʰakʰ-kʰakʰilaro]
0
|
|||