Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
защемить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 5
ASCII: zinkʼkʼizabize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
184435
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[zinkʼːizawulew wugo]/ |
/[zinkʼːizajulej jigo]/ |
/[zinkˀːizabuleb bugo]/ |
/[zinkʼːizarulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[zinkʼːizawulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[zinkʼːizajulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[zinkˀːizabuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[zinkʼːizarulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
зинкӀкӀизавуна
/[zinkʼːizawuna]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуна
/[zinkʼːizajuna]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуна
/[zinkˀːizabuna]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруна
/[zinkʼːizaruna]/
0
|
| Past Simple Negative |
зинкӀкӀизавичӀо
/[zinkʼːizawit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайичӀо
/[zinkʼːizajit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабичӀо
/[zinkˀːizabit͡ʃˀo]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаричӀо
/[zinkʼːizarit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
зинкӀкӀизавила
/[zinkʼːizawila]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайила
/[zinkʼːizajila]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабила
/[zinkˀːizabila]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизарила
/[zinkʼːizarila]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
зинкӀкӀизавиларо
/[zinkʼːizawilaro]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайиларо
/[zinkʼːizajilaro]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабиларо
/[zinkˀːizabilaro]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизариларо
/[zinkʼːizarilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
зинкӀкӀизавула
/[zinkʼːizawula]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайула
/[zinkʼːizajula]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабула
/[zinkˀːizabula]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизарула
/[zinkʼːizarula]/
0
|
| Constative Negative |
зинкӀкӀизавуларо
/[zinkʼːizawularo]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуларо
/[zinkʼːizajularo]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуларо
/[zinkˀːizabularo]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруларо
/[zinkʼːizarularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
зинкӀкӀизавулаан
/[zinkʼːizawulajan]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайулаан
/[zinkʼːizajulajan]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабулаан
/[zinkʼːizabulajan]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизарулаан
/[zinkʼːizarulajan]/
0
|
| Remote Past Negative |
зинкӀкӀизабулароан
/[zinkʼːizabularojan]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабулароан
/[zinkʼːizabularojan]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабулароан
/[zinkʼːizabularojan]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизарулароан
/[zinkʼːizarularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
зинкӀкӀизаве
/[zinkʼːizawe]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайе
/[zinkʼːizaje]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабе
/[zinkˀːizabe]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаре
/[zinkʼːizare]/
0
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
зинкӀкӀизавуге
/[zinkʼːizawuge]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуге
/[zinkʼːizajuge]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуге
/[zinkˀːizabuge]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруге
/[zinkʼːizaruge]/
0
|
| Optative |
зинкӀкӀизабеги
/[zinkʼːizawegi]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабеги
/[zinkʼːizajegi]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабеги
/[zinkʼːizabegi]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизареги
/[zinkʼːizaregi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
зинкӀкӀизабугеги
/[zinkˀːizabugegi]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабугеги
/[zinkˀːizabugegi]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабугеги
/[zinkˀːizabugegi]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаругеги
/[zinkʼːizarugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
зинкӀкӀизавизин
/[zinkʼːizawizin]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайизин
/[zinkʼːizajizin]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабизин
/[zinkˀːizabizin]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаризин
/[zinkʼːizarizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
зинкӀкӀизавуни
/[zinkʼːizawuni]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуни
/[zinkʼːizajuni]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуни
/[zinkˀːizabuni]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруни
/[zinkʼːizaruni]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
зинкӀкӀизабичӀони
/[zinkˀːizabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабичӀони
/[zinkˀːizabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабичӀони
/[zinkˀːizabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаричӀони
/[zinkʼːizarit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
зинкӀкӀизавунищ
/[zinkʼːizawuniʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайунищ
/[zinkʼːizajuniʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабунищ
/[zinkˀːizabuniʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизарунищ
/[zinkʼːizaruniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
зинкӀкӀизавичӀищ
/[zinkʼːizawit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайичӀищ
/[zinkʼːizajit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабичӀищ
/[zinkˀːizabit͡ʃˀiʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаричӀищ
/[zinkʼːizarit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
зинкӀкӀизавулищ
/[zinkʼːizawuliʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайулищ
/[zinkʼːizajuliʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабулищ
/[zinkˀːizabuliʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизарулищ
/[zinkʼːizaruliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
зинкӀкӀизавуларищ
/[zinkʼːizawulariʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуларищ
/[zinkʼːizajulariʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуларищ
/[zinkˀːizabulariʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруларищ
/[zinkʼːizarulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
зинкӀкӀизавилищ
/[zinkʼːizawiliʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайилищ
/[zinkʼːizajiliʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабилищ
/[zinkˀːizabiliʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизарилищ
/[zinkʼːizariliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
зинкӀкӀизавиларищ
/[zinkʼːizawilariʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайиларищ
/[zinkʼːizajilariʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабиларищ
/[zinkˀːizabilariʃː]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизариларищ
/[zinkʼːizarilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
зинкӀкӀизавурав
/[zinkʼːizawuraw]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайурай
/[zinkʼːizajuraj]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабураб
/[zinkˀːizaburab]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизарурал
/[zinkʼːizarural]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
зинкӀкӀизавичӀев
/[zinkʼːizawit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайичӀей
/[zinkʼːizajit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабичӀеб
/[zinkˀːizabit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаричӀел
/[zinkʼːizarit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
зинкӀкӀизавулев
/[zinkʼːizawulew]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайулей
/[zinkʼːizajulej]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабулеб
/[zinkˀːizabuleb]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизарулел
/[zinkʼːizarulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
зинкӀкӀизавуларев
/[zinkʼːizawularew]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуларей
/[zinkʼːizajularej]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабулареб
/[zinkˀːizabulareb]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруларел
/[zinkʼːizarularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
зинкӀкӀизавилев
/[zinkʼːizawilew]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайилей
/[zinkʼːizajilej]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабилеб
/[zinkˀːizabileb]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизарилел
/[zinkʼːizarilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
зинкӀкӀизавиларев
/[zinkʼːizawilarew]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайиларей
/[zinkʼːizajilarej]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабилареб
/[zinkˀːizabilareb]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизариларел
/[zinkʼːizarilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
зинкӀкӀизавизехъин
/[zinkʼːizawizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайизехъин
/[zinkʼːizajizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабизехъин
/[zinkˀːizabizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаризехъин
/[zinkʼːizarizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
зинкӀкӀизавизехъинро
/[zinkʼːizawizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайизехъинро
/[zinkʼːizajizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабизехъинро
/[zinkˀːizabizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаризехъинро
/[zinkʼːizarizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
зинкӀкӀизавеяв
/[zinkʼːizawejaw]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайеяй
/[zinkʼːizajejaj]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабеяб
/[zinkˀːizabejab]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизареял
/[zinkʼːizarejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
зинкӀкӀизавурав
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайурай
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабураб
0
|
зинкӀкӀизарурал
0
|
| Ergative |
зинкӀкӀизавурас
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъ
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъ
0
|
зинкӀкӀизарураз
0
|
| Genitive |
зинкӀкӀизавурасул
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъул
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъул
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруразул
0
|
| Dative |
зинкӀкӀизавурасе
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъе
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъе
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
зинкӀкӀизавурасда
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъда
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъда
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
зинкӀкӀизавурасде
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъде
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъде
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
зинкӀкӀизавурасдаса
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъдаса
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъдаса
0
|
зинкӀкӀизарураздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
зинкӀкӀизавурасдасан
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъдасан
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъдасан
0
|
зинкӀкӀизарураздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
зинкӀкӀизавурасухъ
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъухъ
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъухъ
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
зинкӀкӀизавурасухъе
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъухъе
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъухъе
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
зинкӀкӀизавурасухъа
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъухъа
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъухъа
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
зинкӀкӀизавурасухъан
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъухъан
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъухъан
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
зинкӀкӀизавурасулъ
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъулъ
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъулъ
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
зинкӀкӀизавурасулъе
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъулъе
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъулъе
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
зинкӀкӀизавурасулъа
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъулъа
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъулъа
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
зинкӀкӀизавурасулъан
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъулъан
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъулъан
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
зинкӀкӀизавурасукь
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъукь
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъукь
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
зинкӀкӀизавурасукье
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъукье
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъукье
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
зинкӀкӀизавурасукьа
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъукьа
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъукьа
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
зинкӀкӀизавурасукьан
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайуралъукьан
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабуралъукьан
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаруразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
зинкӀкӀизавун
/[zinkʼːizawun]/
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зинкӀкӀизайун
/[zinkʼːizajun]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизабун
/[zinkʼːizabun]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизарун
/[zinkʼːizarun]/
0
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| Adverbial Past |
зинкӀкӀизавун
/[zinkʼːizawun]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизайун
/[zinkʼːizajun]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизабун
/[zinkˀːizabun]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизарун
/[zinkʼːizarun]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
зинкӀкӀизабичӀого
/[zinkˀːizabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизабичӀого
/[zinkˀːizabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизабичӀого
/[zinkˀːizabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаричӀого
/[zinkʼːizarit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
зинкӀкӀизавулаго
/[zinkʼːizawulago]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизайулаго
/[zinkʼːizajulago]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабулаго
/[zinkˀːizabulago]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизарулаго
/[zinkʼːizarulago]/
0
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| Adverbial General Negative |
зинкӀкӀизабуларого
/[zinkˀːizabularogo]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизабуларого
/[zinkˀːizabularogo]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизабуларого
/[zinkˀːizabularogo]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизаруларого
/[zinkʼːizarularogo]/
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Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
зинкӀкӀизави
/[zinkʼːizawi]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизайи
/[zinkʼːizaji]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаби
/[zinkˀːizabi]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизари
/[zinkʼːizari]/
0
|
| Infinitive |
зинкӀкӀизавизе
/[zinkʼːizawize]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизайизе
/[zinkʼːizajize]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизабизе
/[zinkˀːizabize]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаризе
/[zinkʼːizarize]/
0
|
| Causative |
зинкӀкӀизабизабизе
[zinkˀːizabizabize]
0
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| Causative Negative |
зинкӀкӀизабизабуларо
[zinkˀːizabizabularo]
0
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| Durative |
зинкӀкӀизавиаризе
/[zinkʼːizawijarize]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизайиаризе
/[zinkʼːizajijarize]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизабиаризе
/[zinkˀːizabijarize]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизариаризе
/[zinkʼːizarijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
зинкӀкӀизавиариларо
/[zinkʼːizawijarilaro]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизайиариларо
/[zinkʼːizajijarilaro]/
0
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зинкӀкӀизабиариларо
/[zinkˀːizabijarilaro]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизариариларо
/[zinkʼːizarijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
зинкӀкӀизаб-зинкӀкӀизавизе
/[zinkʼːizab-zinkʼːizawize]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаб-зинкӀкӀизайизе
/[zinkʼːizab-zinkʼːizajize]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаб-зинкӀкӀизабизе
/[zinkˀːizab-zinkˀːizabize]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаб-зинкӀкӀизаризе
/[zinkʼːizab-zinkʼːizarize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
зинкӀкӀизаб-зинкӀкӀизавиларо
/[zinkʼːizab-zinkʼːizawilaro]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаб-зинкӀкӀизайиларо
/[zinkʼːizab-zinkʼːizajilaro]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаб-зинкӀкӀизабиларо
/[zinkˀːizab-zinkˀːizabilaro]/
0
|
зинкӀкӀизаб-зинкӀкӀизариларо
/[zinkʼːizab-zinkʼːizarilaro]/
0
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