Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
идти
лить
литься
налиться
натечь
перелиться
побежать
потечь
протекать
разлиться
стекать
хлынуть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: chvakhize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
185007
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
45
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
чвахана
[t͡ʃwaχana]
🔒
15
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
чвахичӀо
[t͡ʃwaχit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
чвахила
[t͡ʃwaχila]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
чвахиларо
[t͡ʃwaχilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
чвахула
[t͡ʃwaχula]
🔒
42
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
чвахуларо
[t͡ʃwaχularo]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
чвахулаан
[t͡ʃwaχulajan]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
чвахулароан
[t͡ʃwaχularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чвахе
[t͡ʃwaχe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чвахуге
[t͡ʃwaχuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
чвахеги
[t͡ʃwaχegi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
чвахугеги
[t͡ʃwaχugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
чвахизин
[t͡ʃwaχizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
чвахани
[t͡ʃwaχani]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
чвахичӀони
[t͡ʃwaχit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чваханищ
[t͡ʃwaχaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чвахичӀищ
[t͡ʃwaχit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чвахулищ
[t͡ʃwaχuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чвахуларищ
[t͡ʃwaχulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чвахилищ
[t͡ʃwaχiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чвахиларищ
[t͡ʃwaχilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чвахарав
/[t͡ʃwaχaraw]/
🔒
0
|
чвахарай
/[t͡ʃwaχaraj]/
🔒
1
|
чвахараб
/[t͡ʃwaχarab]/
🔒
11
|
чвахарал
/[t͡ʃwaχaral]/
🔒
3
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чвахичӀев
/[t͡ʃwaχit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
чвахичӀей
/[t͡ʃwaχit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
чвахичӀеб
/[t͡ʃwaχit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
чвахичӀел
/[t͡ʃwaχit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
чвахулев
/[t͡ʃwaχulew]/
🔒
2
|
чвахулей
/[t͡ʃwaχulej]/
🔒
0
|
чвахулеб
/[t͡ʃwaχuleb]/
🔒
180
|
чвахулел
/[t͡ʃwaχulel]/
🔒
39
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чвахуларев
/[t͡ʃwaχularew]/
🔒
0
|
чвахуларей
/[t͡ʃwaχularej]/
🔒
0
|
чвахулареб
/[t͡ʃwaχulareb]/
🔒
4
|
чвахуларел
/[t͡ʃwaχularel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle |
чвахилев
/[t͡ʃwaχilew]/
🔒
0
|
чвахилей
/[t͡ʃwaχilej]/
🔒
0
|
чвахилеб
/[t͡ʃwaχileb]/
🔒
1
|
чвахилел
/[t͡ʃwaχilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чвахиларев
/[t͡ʃwaχilarew]/
0
|
чвахиларей
/[t͡ʃwaχilarej]/
0
|
чвахилареб
/[t͡ʃwaχilareb]/
0
|
чвахиларел
/[t͡ʃwaχilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чвахизехъин
[t͡ʃwaχizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чвахизехъинро
[t͡ʃwaχizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
чвахеяв
/[t͡ʃwaχejaw]/
0
|
чвахеяй
/[t͡ʃwaχejaj]/
0
|
чвахеяб
/[t͡ʃwaχejab]/
0
|
чвахеял
/[t͡ʃwaχejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чвахарав
0
|
чвахарай
1
|
чвахараб
11
|
чвахарал
3
|
| Ergative |
чвахарас
0
|
чвахаралъ
0
|
чвахаралъ
0
|
чвахараз
0
|
| Genitive |
чвахарасул
0
|
чвахаралъул
0
|
чвахаралъул
0
|
чвахаразул
0
|
| Dative |
чвахарасе
0
|
чвахаралъе
0
|
чвахаралъе
0
|
чвахаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чвахарасда
0
|
чвахаралъда
0
|
чвахаралъда
0
|
чвахаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
чвахарасде
0
|
чвахаралъде
0
|
чвахаралъде
0
|
чвахаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чвахарасдаса
0
|
чвахаралъдаса
0
|
чвахаралъдаса
0
|
чвахараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чвахарасдасан
0
|
чвахаралъдасан
0
|
чвахаралъдасан
0
|
чвахараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чвахарасухъ
0
|
чвахаралъухъ
0
|
чвахаралъухъ
0
|
чвахаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чвахарасухъе
0
|
чвахаралъухъе
0
|
чвахаралъухъе
0
|
чвахаразухъе
1
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чвахарасухъа
0
|
чвахаралъухъа
0
|
чвахаралъухъа
0
|
чвахаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чвахарасухъан
0
|
чвахаралъухъан
0
|
чвахаралъухъан
0
|
чвахаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чвахарасулъ
0
|
чвахаралъулъ
0
|
чвахаралъулъ
0
|
чвахаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чвахарасулъе
0
|
чвахаралъулъе
0
|
чвахаралъулъе
0
|
чвахаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чвахарасулъа
0
|
чвахаралъулъа
0
|
чвахаралъулъа
0
|
чвахаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чвахарасулъан
0
|
чвахаралъулъан
0
|
чвахаралъулъан
0
|
чвахаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чвахарасукь
0
|
чвахаралъукь
0
|
чвахаралъукь
0
|
чвахаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чвахарасукье
0
|
чвахаралъукье
0
|
чвахаралъукье
0
|
чвахаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чвахарасукьа
0
|
чвахаралъукьа
0
|
чвахаралъукьа
0
|
чвахаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чвахарасукьан
0
|
чвахаралъукьан
0
|
чвахаралъукьан
0
|
чвахаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чвахун
[t͡ʃwaχun]
🔒
111
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
чвахун
[t͡ʃwaχun]
🔒
111
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чвахичӀого
[t͡ʃwaχit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
чвахулаго
[t͡ʃwaχulago]
🔒
10
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
чвахуларого
[t͡ʃwaχularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чвахи
[t͡ʃwaχi]
🔒
45
|
|||
| Infinitive |
чвахизе
[t͡ʃwaχize]
🔒
45
|
|||
| Causative |
чвахизавизе
/[t͡ʃwaχizawize]/
🔒
0
|
чвахизайизе
/[t͡ʃwaχizajize]/
🔒
0
|
чвахизабизе
/[t͡ʃwaχizabize]/
🔒
4
|
чвахизаризе
/[t͡ʃwaχizarize]/
🔒
1
|
| Causative Negative |
чвахизавуларо
/[t͡ʃwaχizawularo]/
0
|
чвахизайуларо
/[t͡ʃwaχizajularo]/
0
|
чвахизабуларо
/[t͡ʃwaχizabularo]/
0
|
чвахизаруларо
/[t͡ʃwaχizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
чвахиаризе
[t͡ʃwaχijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
чвахиариларо
[t͡ʃwaχijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
чвах-чвахизе
[t͡ʃwaχ-t͡ʃwaχize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
чвах-чвахиларо
[t͡ʃwaχ-t͡ʃwaχilaro]
0
|
|||