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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: hekʼdize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
185747
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[hekˀdulew wugo]/ |
/[hekˀdulej jigo]/ |
/[hekˀduleb bugo]/ |
/[hekˀdulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[hekˀdulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[hekˀdulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[hekˀduleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[hekˀdulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
гьекӀдана
[hekˀdana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гьекӀдичӀо
[hekˀdit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гьекӀдила
[hekˀdila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гьекӀдиларо
[hekˀdilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гьекӀдула
[hekˀdula]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гьекӀдуларо
[hekˀdularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гьекӀдулаан
[hekʼdulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гьекӀдулароан
[hekʼdularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гьекӀде
[hekˀde]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гьекӀдуге
[hekˀduge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гьекӀдеги
[hekʼdegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гьекӀдугеги
[hekˀdugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гьекӀдизин
[hekˀdizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гьекӀдани
[hekˀdani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гьекӀдичӀони
[hekˀdit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьекӀданищ
[hekˀdaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьекӀдичӀищ
[hekˀdit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гьекӀдулищ
[hekˀduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьекӀдуларищ
[hekˀdulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьекӀдилищ
[hekˀdiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьекӀдиларищ
[hekˀdilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гьекӀдарав
/[hekˀdaraw]/
0
|
гьекӀдарай
/[hekˀdaraj]/
0
|
гьекӀдараб
/[hekˀdarab]/
0
|
гьекӀдарал
/[hekˀdaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гьекӀдичӀев
/[hekˀdit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гьекӀдичӀей
/[hekˀdit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гьекӀдичӀеб
/[hekˀdit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гьекӀдичӀел
/[hekˀdit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гьекӀдулев
/[hekˀdulew]/
0
|
гьекӀдулей
/[hekˀdulej]/
0
|
гьекӀдулеб
/[hekˀduleb]/
0
|
гьекӀдулел
/[hekˀdulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гьекӀдуларев
/[hekˀdularew]/
0
|
гьекӀдуларей
/[hekˀdularej]/
0
|
гьекӀдулареб
/[hekˀdulareb]/
0
|
гьекӀдуларел
/[hekˀdularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гьекӀдилев
/[hekˀdilew]/
0
|
гьекӀдилей
/[hekˀdilej]/
0
|
гьекӀдилеб
/[hekˀdileb]/
0
|
гьекӀдилел
/[hekˀdilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гьекӀдиларев
/[hekˀdilarew]/
0
|
гьекӀдиларей
/[hekˀdilarej]/
0
|
гьекӀдилареб
/[hekˀdilareb]/
0
|
гьекӀдиларел
/[hekˀdilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гьекӀдизехъин
[hekˀdizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гьекӀдизехъинро
[hekˀdizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гьекӀдеяв
/[hekˀdejaw]/
0
|
гьекӀдеяй
/[hekˀdejaj]/
0
|
гьекӀдеяб
/[hekˀdejab]/
0
|
гьекӀдеял
/[hekʼdejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гьекӀдарав
0
|
гьекӀдарай
0
|
гьекӀдараб
0
|
гьекӀдарал
0
|
| Ergative |
гьекӀдарас
0
|
гьекӀдаралъ
0
|
гьекӀдаралъ
0
|
гьекӀдараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гьекӀдарасул
0
|
гьекӀдаралъул
0
|
гьекӀдаралъул
0
|
гьекӀдаразул
0
|
| Dative |
гьекӀдарасе
0
|
гьекӀдаралъе
0
|
гьекӀдаралъе
0
|
гьекӀдаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гьекӀдарасда
0
|
гьекӀдаралъда
0
|
гьекӀдаралъда
0
|
гьекӀдаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гьекӀдарасде
0
|
гьекӀдаралъде
0
|
гьекӀдаралъде
0
|
гьекӀдаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гьекӀдарасдаса
0
|
гьекӀдаралъдаса
0
|
гьекӀдаралъдаса
0
|
гьекӀдараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гьекӀдарасдасан
0
|
гьекӀдаралъдасан
0
|
гьекӀдаралъдасан
0
|
гьекӀдараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гьекӀдарасухъ
0
|
гьекӀдаралъухъ
0
|
гьекӀдаралъухъ
0
|
гьекӀдаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гьекӀдарасухъе
0
|
гьекӀдаралъухъе
0
|
гьекӀдаралъухъе
0
|
гьекӀдаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гьекӀдарасухъа
0
|
гьекӀдаралъухъа
0
|
гьекӀдаралъухъа
0
|
гьекӀдаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гьекӀдарасухъан
0
|
гьекӀдаралъухъан
0
|
гьекӀдаралъухъан
0
|
гьекӀдаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гьекӀдарасулъ
0
|
гьекӀдаралъулъ
0
|
гьекӀдаралъулъ
0
|
гьекӀдаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гьекӀдарасулъе
0
|
гьекӀдаралъулъе
0
|
гьекӀдаралъулъе
0
|
гьекӀдаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гьекӀдарасулъа
0
|
гьекӀдаралъулъа
0
|
гьекӀдаралъулъа
0
|
гьекӀдаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гьекӀдарасулъан
0
|
гьекӀдаралъулъан
0
|
гьекӀдаралъулъан
0
|
гьекӀдаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гьекӀдарасукь
0
|
гьекӀдаралъукь
0
|
гьекӀдаралъукь
0
|
гьекӀдаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гьекӀдарасукье
0
|
гьекӀдаралъукье
0
|
гьекӀдаралъукье
0
|
гьекӀдаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гьекӀдарасукьа
0
|
гьекӀдаралъукьа
0
|
гьекӀдаралъукьа
0
|
гьекӀдаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гьекӀдарасукьан
0
|
гьекӀдаралъукьан
0
|
гьекӀдаралъукьан
0
|
гьекӀдаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гьекӀдун
[hekʼdun]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гьекӀдун
[hekˀdun]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гьекӀдичӀого
[hekˀdit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гьекӀдулаго
[hekˀdulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гьекӀдуларого
[hekˀdularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гьекӀди
[hekˀdi]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гьекӀдизе
[hekˀdize]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
гьекӀдизавизе
/[hekʼdizawize]/
0
|
гьекӀдизайизе
/[hekʼdizajize]/
0
|
гьекӀдизабизе
/[hekˀdizabize]/
0
|
гьекӀдизаризе
/[hekʼdizarize]/
🔒
1
|
| Causative Negative |
гьекӀдизавуларо
/[hekʼdizawularo]/
0
|
гьекӀдизайуларо
/[hekʼdizajularo]/
0
|
гьекӀдизабуларо
/[hekˀdizabularo]/
0
|
гьекӀдизаруларо
/[hekʼdizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гьекӀдиаризе
[hekˀdijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гьекӀдиариларо
[hekˀdijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гьекӀд-гьекӀдизе
[hekˀd-hekˀdize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гьекӀд-гьекӀдиларо
[hekˀd-hekˀdilaro]
0
|
|||