Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
клясться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: hedarize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
187590
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[hedarulew wugo]/ |
/[hedarulej jigo]/ |
/[hedaruleb bugo]/ |
/[hedarulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[hedarulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[hedarulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[hedaruleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[hedarulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
гьедарана
[hedarana]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гьедаричӀо
[hedarit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гьедарила
[hedarila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гьедариларо
[hedarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гьедарула
[hedarula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гьедаруларо
[hedarularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гьедарулаан
[hedarulajan]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гьедарулароан
[hedarularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гьедаре
[hedare]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гьедаруге
[hedaruge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гьедареги
[hedaregi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гьедаругеги
[hedarugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гьедаризин
[hedarizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гьедарани
[hedarani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гьедаричӀони
[hedarit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьедаранищ
[hedaraniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьедаричӀищ
[hedarit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гьедарулищ
[hedaruliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьедаруларищ
[hedarulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьедарилищ
[hedariliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьедариларищ
[hedarilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гьедарарав
/[hedararaw]/
0
|
гьедарарай
/[hedararaj]/
0
|
гьедарараб
/[hedararab]/
0
|
гьедарарал
/[hedararal]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гьедаричӀев
/[hedarit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гьедаричӀей
/[hedarit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гьедаричӀеб
/[hedarit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гьедаричӀел
/[hedarit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гьедарулев
/[hedarulew]/
🔒
2
|
гьедарулей
/[hedarulej]/
0
|
гьедарулеб
/[hedaruleb]/
0
|
гьедарулел
/[hedarulel]/
🔒
3
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гьедаруларев
/[hedarularew]/
0
|
гьедаруларей
/[hedarularej]/
0
|
гьедарулареб
/[hedarulareb]/
0
|
гьедаруларел
/[hedarularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гьедарилев
/[hedarilew]/
0
|
гьедарилей
/[hedarilej]/
0
|
гьедарилеб
/[hedarileb]/
0
|
гьедарилел
/[hedarilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гьедариларев
/[hedarilarew]/
0
|
гьедариларей
/[hedarilarej]/
0
|
гьедарилареб
/[hedarilareb]/
0
|
гьедариларел
/[hedarilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гьедаризехъин
[hedarizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гьедаризехъинро
[hedarizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гьедареяв
/[hedarejaw]/
0
|
гьедареяй
/[hedarejaj]/
0
|
гьедареяб
/[hedarejab]/
0
|
гьедареял
/[hedarejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гьедарарав
0
|
гьедарарай
0
|
гьедарараб
0
|
гьедарарал
0
|
| Ergative |
гьедарарас
0
|
гьедараралъ
0
|
гьедараралъ
0
|
гьедарараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гьедарарасул
0
|
гьедараралъул
0
|
гьедараралъул
0
|
гьедараразул
0
|
| Dative |
гьедарарасе
0
|
гьедараралъе
0
|
гьедараралъе
0
|
гьедараразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гьедарарасда
0
|
гьедараралъда
0
|
гьедараралъда
0
|
гьедараразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гьедарарасде
0
|
гьедараралъде
0
|
гьедараралъде
0
|
гьедараразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гьедарарасдаса
0
|
гьедараралъдаса
0
|
гьедараралъдаса
0
|
гьедарараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гьедарарасдасан
0
|
гьедараралъдасан
0
|
гьедараралъдасан
0
|
гьедарараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гьедарарасухъ
0
|
гьедараралъухъ
0
|
гьедараралъухъ
0
|
гьедараразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гьедарарасухъе
0
|
гьедараралъухъе
0
|
гьедараралъухъе
0
|
гьедараразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гьедарарасухъа
0
|
гьедараралъухъа
0
|
гьедараралъухъа
0
|
гьедараразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гьедарарасухъан
0
|
гьедараралъухъан
0
|
гьедараралъухъан
0
|
гьедараразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гьедарарасулъ
0
|
гьедараралъулъ
0
|
гьедараралъулъ
0
|
гьедараразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гьедарарасулъе
0
|
гьедараралъулъе
0
|
гьедараралъулъе
0
|
гьедараразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гьедарарасулъа
0
|
гьедараралъулъа
0
|
гьедараралъулъа
0
|
гьедараразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гьедарарасулъан
0
|
гьедараралъулъан
0
|
гьедараралъулъан
0
|
гьедараразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гьедарарасукь
0
|
гьедараралъукь
0
|
гьедараралъукь
0
|
гьедараразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гьедарарасукье
0
|
гьедараралъукье
0
|
гьедараралъукье
0
|
гьедараразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гьедарарасукьа
0
|
гьедараралъукьа
0
|
гьедараралъукьа
0
|
гьедараразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гьедарарасукьан
0
|
гьедараралъукьан
0
|
гьедараралъукьан
0
|
гьедараразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гьедарун
[hedarun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гьедарун
[hedarun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гьедаричӀого
[hedarit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гьедарулаго
[hedarulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гьедаруларого
[hedarularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гьедари
[hedari]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гьедаризе
[hedarize]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
гьедаризавизе
/[hedarizawize]/
0
|
гьедаризайизе
/[hedarizajize]/
0
|
гьедаризабизе
/[hedarizabize]/
0
|
гьедаризаризе
/[hedarizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гьедаризавуларо
/[hedarizawularo]/
0
|
гьедаризайуларо
/[hedarizajularo]/
0
|
гьедаризабуларо
/[hedarizabularo]/
0
|
гьедаризаруларо
/[hedarizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гьедариаризе
[hedarijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гьедариариларо
[hedarijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гьедар-гьедаризе
[hedar-hedarize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гьедар-гьедариларо
[hedar-hedarilaro]
0
|
|||