Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
клясться
поклясться
присягнуть
заречься
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: hedize
Derivation Method
Derivation Suffix
-д-
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
187591
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
29
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
гьедана
[hedana]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гьедичӀо
[hedit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гьедила
[hedila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гьедиларо
[hedilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гьедула
[hedula]
🔒
25
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гьедуларо
[hedularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гьедулаан
[hedulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гьедулароан
[hedularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гьеде
[hede]
🔒
9
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гьедуге
[heduge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гьедеги
[hedegi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гьедугеги
[hedugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гьедизин
[hedizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гьедани
[hedani]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гьедичӀони
[hedit͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьеданищ
[hedaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьедичӀищ
[hedit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гьедулищ
[heduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьедуларищ
[hedulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьедилищ
[hediliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьедиларищ
[hedilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гьедарав
/[hedaraw]/
🔒
1
|
гьедарай
/[hedaraj]/
0
|
гьедараб
/[hedarab]/
0
|
гьедарал
/[hedaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гьедичӀев
/[hedit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гьедичӀей
/[hedit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гьедичӀеб
/[hedit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гьедичӀел
/[hedit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гьедулев
/[hedulew]/
🔒
4
|
гьедулей
/[hedulej]/
🔒
0
|
гьедулеб
/[heduleb]/
🔒
2
|
гьедулел
/[hedulel]/
🔒
8
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гьедуларев
/[hedularew]/
0
|
гьедуларей
/[hedularej]/
0
|
гьедулареб
/[hedulareb]/
0
|
гьедуларел
/[hedularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гьедилев
/[hedilew]/
0
|
гьедилей
/[hedilej]/
0
|
гьедилеб
/[hedileb]/
0
|
гьедилел
/[hedilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гьедиларев
/[hedilarew]/
0
|
гьедиларей
/[hedilarej]/
0
|
гьедилареб
/[hedilareb]/
0
|
гьедиларел
/[hedilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гьедизехъин
[hedizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гьедизехъинро
[hedizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гьедеяв
/[hedejaw]/
0
|
гьедеяй
/[hedejaj]/
0
|
гьедеяб
/[hedejab]/
0
|
гьедеял
/[hedejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гьедарав
1
|
гьедарай
0
|
гьедараб
0
|
гьедарал
0
|
| Ergative |
гьедарас
0
|
гьедаралъ
0
|
гьедаралъ
0
|
гьедараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гьедарасул
0
|
гьедаралъул
0
|
гьедаралъул
0
|
гьедаразул
0
|
| Dative |
гьедарасе
0
|
гьедаралъе
0
|
гьедаралъе
0
|
гьедаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гьедарасда
0
|
гьедаралъда
0
|
гьедаралъда
0
|
гьедаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гьедарасде
0
|
гьедаралъде
0
|
гьедаралъде
0
|
гьедаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гьедарасдаса
0
|
гьедаралъдаса
0
|
гьедаралъдаса
0
|
гьедараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гьедарасдасан
0
|
гьедаралъдасан
0
|
гьедаралъдасан
0
|
гьедараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гьедарасухъ
0
|
гьедаралъухъ
0
|
гьедаралъухъ
0
|
гьедаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гьедарасухъе
0
|
гьедаралъухъе
0
|
гьедаралъухъе
0
|
гьедаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гьедарасухъа
0
|
гьедаралъухъа
0
|
гьедаралъухъа
0
|
гьедаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гьедарасухъан
0
|
гьедаралъухъан
0
|
гьедаралъухъан
0
|
гьедаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гьедарасулъ
0
|
гьедаралъулъ
0
|
гьедаралъулъ
0
|
гьедаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гьедарасулъе
0
|
гьедаралъулъе
0
|
гьедаралъулъе
0
|
гьедаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гьедарасулъа
0
|
гьедаралъулъа
0
|
гьедаралъулъа
0
|
гьедаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гьедарасулъан
0
|
гьедаралъулъан
0
|
гьедаралъулъан
0
|
гьедаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гьедарасукь
0
|
гьедаралъукь
0
|
гьедаралъукь
0
|
гьедаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гьедарасукье
0
|
гьедаралъукье
0
|
гьедаралъукье
0
|
гьедаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гьедарасукьа
0
|
гьедаралъукьа
0
|
гьедаралъукьа
0
|
гьедаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гьедарасукьан
0
|
гьедаралъукьан
0
|
гьедаралъукьан
0
|
гьедаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гьедун
[hedun]
🔒
30
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гьедун
[hedun]
🔒
30
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гьедичӀого
[hedit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гьедулаго
[hedulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гьедуларого
[hedularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гьеди
[hedi]
🔒
13
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гьедизе
[hedize]
🔒
29
|
|||
| Causative |
гьедизавизе
/[hedizawize]/
🔒
1
|
гьедизайизе
/[hedizajize]/
0
|
гьедизабизе
/[hedizabize]/
0
|
гьедизаризе
/[hedizarize]/
🔒
1
|
| Causative Negative |
гьедизавуларо
/[hedizawularo]/
0
|
гьедизайуларо
/[hedizajularo]/
0
|
гьедизабуларо
/[hedizabularo]/
0
|
гьедизаруларо
/[hedizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гьедиаризе
[hedijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гьедиариларо
[hedijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гьед-гьедизе
[hed-hedize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гьед-гьедиларо
[hed-hedilaro]
0
|
|||