Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
потрясти
трясти
колебать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 6
ASCII: kʼobokʼizabize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
187788
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[kʼobokʼizawulew wugo]/ |
/[kʼobokʼizajulej jigo]/ |
/[kˀobokˀizabuleb bugo]/ |
/[kʼobokʼizarulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[kʼobokʼizawulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[kʼobokʼizajulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[kˀobokˀizabuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[kʼobokʼizarulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
кӀобокӀизавуна
/[kʼobokʼizawuna]/
🔒
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуна
/[kʼobokʼizajuna]/
🔒
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуна
/[kˀobokˀizabuna]/
🔒
1
|
кӀобокӀизаруна
/[kʼobokʼizaruna]/
🔒
0
|
| Past Simple Negative |
кӀобокӀизавичӀо
/[kʼobokʼizawit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайичӀо
/[kʼobokʼizajit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабичӀо
/[kˀobokˀizabit͡ʃˀo]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаричӀо
/[kʼobokʼizarit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
кӀобокӀизавила
/[kʼobokʼizawila]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайила
/[kʼobokʼizajila]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабила
/[kˀobokˀizabila]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизарила
/[kʼobokʼizarila]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
кӀобокӀизавиларо
/[kʼobokʼizawilaro]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайиларо
/[kʼobokʼizajilaro]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабиларо
/[kˀobokˀizabilaro]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизариларо
/[kʼobokʼizarilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
кӀобокӀизавула
/[kʼobokʼizawula]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайула
/[kʼobokʼizajula]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабула
/[kˀobokˀizabula]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизарула
/[kʼobokʼizarula]/
0
|
| Constative Negative |
кӀобокӀизавуларо
/[kʼobokʼizawularo]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуларо
/[kʼobokʼizajularo]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуларо
/[kˀobokˀizabularo]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруларо
/[kʼobokʼizarularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
кӀобокӀизавулаан
/[kʼobokʼizawulajan]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайулаан
/[kʼobokʼizajulajan]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабулаан
/[kʼobokʼizabulajan]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизарулаан
/[kʼobokʼizarulajan]/
0
|
| Remote Past Negative |
кӀобокӀизабулароан
/[kʼobokʼizabularojan]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабулароан
/[kʼobokʼizabularojan]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабулароан
/[kʼobokʼizabularojan]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизарулароан
/[kʼobokʼizarularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
кӀобокӀизаве
/[kʼobokʼizawe]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайе
/[kʼobokʼizaje]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабе
/[kˀobokˀizabe]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаре
/[kʼobokʼizare]/
0
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
кӀобокӀизавуге
/[kʼobokʼizawuge]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуге
/[kʼobokʼizajuge]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуге
/[kˀobokˀizabuge]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруге
/[kʼobokʼizaruge]/
0
|
| Optative |
кӀобокӀизабеги
/[kʼobokʼizawegi]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабеги
/[kʼobokʼizajegi]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабеги
/[kʼobokʼizabegi]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизареги
/[kʼobokʼizaregi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
кӀобокӀизабугеги
/[kˀobokˀizabugegi]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабугеги
/[kˀobokˀizabugegi]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабугеги
/[kˀobokˀizabugegi]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаругеги
/[kʼobokʼizarugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
кӀобокӀизавизин
/[kʼobokʼizawizin]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайизин
/[kʼobokʼizajizin]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабизин
/[kˀobokˀizabizin]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаризин
/[kʼobokʼizarizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
кӀобокӀизавуни
/[kʼobokʼizawuni]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуни
/[kʼobokʼizajuni]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуни
/[kˀobokˀizabuni]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруни
/[kʼobokʼizaruni]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
кӀобокӀизабичӀони
/[kˀobokˀizabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабичӀони
/[kˀobokˀizabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабичӀони
/[kˀobokˀizabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаричӀони
/[kʼobokʼizarit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
кӀобокӀизавунищ
/[kʼobokʼizawuniʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайунищ
/[kʼobokʼizajuniʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабунищ
/[kˀobokˀizabuniʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизарунищ
/[kʼobokʼizaruniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀобокӀизавичӀищ
/[kʼobokʼizawit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайичӀищ
/[kʼobokʼizajit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабичӀищ
/[kˀobokˀizabit͡ʃˀiʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаричӀищ
/[kʼobokʼizarit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀобокӀизавулищ
/[kʼobokʼizawuliʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайулищ
/[kʼobokʼizajuliʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабулищ
/[kˀobokˀizabuliʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизарулищ
/[kʼobokʼizaruliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀобокӀизавуларищ
/[kʼobokʼizawulariʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуларищ
/[kʼobokʼizajulariʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуларищ
/[kˀobokˀizabulariʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруларищ
/[kʼobokʼizarulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
кӀобокӀизавилищ
/[kʼobokʼizawiliʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайилищ
/[kʼobokʼizajiliʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабилищ
/[kˀobokˀizabiliʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизарилищ
/[kʼobokʼizariliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀобокӀизавиларищ
/[kʼobokʼizawilariʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайиларищ
/[kʼobokʼizajilariʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабиларищ
/[kˀobokˀizabilariʃː]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизариларищ
/[kʼobokʼizarilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
кӀобокӀизавурав
/[kʼobokʼizawuraw]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайурай
/[kʼobokʼizajuraj]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабураб
/[kˀobokˀizaburab]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизарурал
/[kʼobokʼizarural]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
кӀобокӀизавичӀев
/[kʼobokʼizawit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайичӀей
/[kʼobokʼizajit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабичӀеб
/[kˀobokˀizabit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаричӀел
/[kʼobokʼizarit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
кӀобокӀизавулев
/[kʼobokʼizawulew]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайулей
/[kʼobokʼizajulej]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабулеб
/[kˀobokˀizabuleb]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизарулел
/[kʼobokʼizarulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
кӀобокӀизавуларев
/[kʼobokʼizawularew]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуларей
/[kʼobokʼizajularej]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабулареб
/[kˀobokˀizabulareb]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруларел
/[kʼobokʼizarularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
кӀобокӀизавилев
/[kʼobokʼizawilew]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайилей
/[kʼobokʼizajilej]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабилеб
/[kˀobokˀizabileb]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизарилел
/[kʼobokʼizarilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
кӀобокӀизавиларев
/[kʼobokʼizawilarew]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайиларей
/[kʼobokʼizajilarej]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабилареб
/[kˀobokˀizabilareb]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизариларел
/[kʼobokʼizarilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
кӀобокӀизавизехъин
/[kʼobokʼizawizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайизехъин
/[kʼobokʼizajizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабизехъин
/[kˀobokˀizabizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаризехъин
/[kʼobokʼizarizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
кӀобокӀизавизехъинро
/[kʼobokʼizawizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайизехъинро
/[kʼobokʼizajizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабизехъинро
/[kˀobokˀizabizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаризехъинро
/[kʼobokʼizarizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
кӀобокӀизавеяв
/[kʼobokʼizawejaw]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайеяй
/[kʼobokʼizajejaj]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабеяб
/[kˀobokˀizabejab]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизареял
/[kʼobokʼizarejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
кӀобокӀизавурав
0
|
кӀобокӀизайурай
0
|
кӀобокӀизабураб
0
|
кӀобокӀизарурал
0
|
| Ergative |
кӀобокӀизавурас
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъ
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъ
0
|
кӀобокӀизарураз
0
|
| Genitive |
кӀобокӀизавурасул
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъул
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъул
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруразул
0
|
| Dative |
кӀобокӀизавурасе
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъе
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъе
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
кӀобокӀизавурасда
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъда
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъда
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
кӀобокӀизавурасде
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъде
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъде
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
кӀобокӀизавурасдаса
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъдаса
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъдаса
0
|
кӀобокӀизарураздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
кӀобокӀизавурасдасан
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъдасан
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъдасан
0
|
кӀобокӀизарураздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
кӀобокӀизавурасухъ
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъухъ
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъухъ
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
кӀобокӀизавурасухъе
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъухъе
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъухъе
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
кӀобокӀизавурасухъа
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъухъа
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъухъа
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
кӀобокӀизавурасухъан
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъухъан
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъухъан
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
кӀобокӀизавурасулъ
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъулъ
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъулъ
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
кӀобокӀизавурасулъе
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъулъе
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъулъе
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
кӀобокӀизавурасулъа
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъулъа
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъулъа
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
кӀобокӀизавурасулъан
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъулъан
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъулъан
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
кӀобокӀизавурасукь
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъукь
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъукь
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
кӀобокӀизавурасукье
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъукье
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъукье
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
кӀобокӀизавурасукьа
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъукьа
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъукьа
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
кӀобокӀизавурасукьан
0
|
кӀобокӀизайуралъукьан
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуралъукьан
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
кӀобокӀизавун
/[kʼobokʼizawun]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайун
/[kʼobokʼizajun]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабун
/[kʼobokʼizabun]/
🔒
1
|
кӀобокӀизарун
/[kʼobokʼizarun]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past |
кӀобокӀизавун
/[kʼobokʼizawun]/
🔒
0
|
кӀобокӀизайун
/[kʼobokʼizajun]/
🔒
0
|
кӀобокӀизабун
/[kˀobokˀizabun]/
🔒
1
|
кӀобокӀизарун
/[kʼobokʼizarun]/
🔒
0
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
кӀобокӀизабичӀого
/[kˀobokˀizabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабичӀого
/[kˀobokˀizabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабичӀого
/[kˀobokˀizabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаричӀого
/[kʼobokʼizarit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
кӀобокӀизавулаго
/[kʼobokʼizawulago]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайулаго
/[kʼobokʼizajulago]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабулаго
/[kˀobokˀizabulago]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизарулаго
/[kʼobokʼizarulago]/
0
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
кӀобокӀизабуларого
/[kˀobokˀizabularogo]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуларого
/[kˀobokˀizabularogo]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабуларого
/[kˀobokˀizabularogo]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаруларого
/[kʼobokʼizarularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
кӀобокӀизави
/[kʼobokʼizawi]/
🔒
0
|
кӀобокӀизайи
/[kʼobokʼizaji]/
🔒
0
|
кӀобокӀизаби
/[kˀobokˀizabi]/
🔒
1
|
кӀобокӀизари
/[kʼobokʼizari]/
🔒
0
|
| Infinitive |
кӀобокӀизавизе
/[kʼobokʼizawize]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайизе
/[kʼobokʼizajize]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабизе
/[kˀobokˀizabize]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаризе
/[kʼobokʼizarize]/
0
|
| Causative |
кӀобокӀизабизабизе
[kˀobokˀizabizabize]
0
|
|||
| Causative Negative |
кӀобокӀизабизабуларо
[kˀobokˀizabizabularo]
0
|
|||
| Durative |
кӀобокӀизавиаризе
/[kʼobokʼizawijarize]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайиаризе
/[kʼobokʼizajijarize]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабиаризе
/[kˀobokˀizabijarize]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизариаризе
/[kʼobokʼizarijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
кӀобокӀизавиариларо
/[kʼobokʼizawijarilaro]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизайиариларо
/[kʼobokʼizajijarilaro]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизабиариларо
/[kˀobokˀizabijarilaro]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизариариларо
/[kʼobokʼizarijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
кӀобокӀизаб-кӀобокӀизавизе
/[kʼobokʼizab-kʼobokʼizawize]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаб-кӀобокӀизайизе
/[kʼobokʼizab-kʼobokʼizajize]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаб-кӀобокӀизабизе
/[kˀobokˀizab-kˀobokˀizabize]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаб-кӀобокӀизаризе
/[kʼobokʼizab-kʼobokʼizarize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
кӀобокӀизаб-кӀобокӀизавиларо
/[kʼobokʼizab-kʼobokʼizawilaro]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаб-кӀобокӀизайиларо
/[kʼobokʼizab-kʼobokʼizajilaro]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаб-кӀобокӀизабиларо
/[kˀobokˀizab-kˀobokˀizabilaro]/
0
|
кӀобокӀизаб-кӀобокӀизариларо
/[kʼobokʼizab-kʼobokʼizarilaro]/
0
|