Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
колебаться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: hankʼeze
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
187791
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[hankˀolew wugo]/ |
/[hankˀolej jigo]/ |
/[hankˀoleb bugo]/ |
/[hankˀolel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[hankˀolew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[hankˀolej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[hankˀoleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[hankˀolel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
гьанкӀена
[hankˀena]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гьанкӀечӀо
[hankˀet͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гьанкӀела
[hankˀela]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гьанкӀеларо
[hankˀelaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гьанкӀола
[hankˀola]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гьанкӀоларо
[hankˀolaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гьанкӀолаан
[hankʼolajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гьанкӀолароан
[hankʼolarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гьанкӀе
[hankˀe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гьанкӀоге
[hankˀoge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гьанкӀеги
[hankʼegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гьанкӀогеги
[hankˀogegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гьанкӀезин
[hankˀezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гьанкӀени
[hankˀeni]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гьанкӀечӀони
[hankˀet͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьанкӀенищ
[hankˀeniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьанкӀечӀищ
[hankˀet͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гьанкӀолищ
[hankˀoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьанкӀоларищ
[hankˀolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьанкӀелищ
[hankˀeliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьанкӀеларищ
[hankˀelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гьанкӀерав
/[hankˀeraw]/
0
|
гьанкӀерай
/[hankˀeraj]/
0
|
гьанкӀераб
/[hankˀerab]/
0
|
гьанкӀерал
/[hankˀeral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гьанкӀечӀев
/[hankˀet͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гьанкӀечӀей
/[hankˀet͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гьанкӀечӀеб
/[hankˀet͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гьанкӀечӀел
/[hankˀet͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гьанкӀолев
/[hankˀolew]/
0
|
гьанкӀолей
/[hankˀolej]/
0
|
гьанкӀолеб
/[hankˀoleb]/
🔒
2
|
гьанкӀолел
/[hankˀolel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гьанкӀоларев
/[hankˀolarew]/
0
|
гьанкӀоларей
/[hankˀolarej]/
0
|
гьанкӀолареб
/[hankˀolareb]/
0
|
гьанкӀоларел
/[hankˀolarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гьанкӀелев
/[hankˀelew]/
0
|
гьанкӀелей
/[hankˀelej]/
0
|
гьанкӀелеб
/[hankˀeleb]/
0
|
гьанкӀелел
/[hankˀelel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гьанкӀеларев
/[hankˀelarew]/
0
|
гьанкӀеларей
/[hankˀelarej]/
0
|
гьанкӀелареб
/[hankˀelareb]/
0
|
гьанкӀеларел
/[hankˀelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гьанкӀезехъин
[hankˀezeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гьанкӀезехъинро
[hankˀezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гьанкӀеяв
/[hankˀejaw]/
0
|
гьанкӀеяй
/[hankˀejaj]/
0
|
гьанкӀеяб
/[hankˀejab]/
0
|
гьанкӀеял
/[hankʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гьанкӀерав
0
|
гьанкӀерай
0
|
гьанкӀераб
0
|
гьанкӀерал
0
|
| Ergative |
гьанкӀерас
0
|
гьанкӀералъ
0
|
гьанкӀералъ
0
|
гьанкӀераз
0
|
| Genitive |
гьанкӀерасул
0
|
гьанкӀералъул
0
|
гьанкӀералъул
0
|
гьанкӀеразул
0
|
| Dative |
гьанкӀерасе
0
|
гьанкӀералъе
0
|
гьанкӀералъе
0
|
гьанкӀеразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гьанкӀерасда
0
|
гьанкӀералъда
0
|
гьанкӀералъда
0
|
гьанкӀеразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гьанкӀерасде
0
|
гьанкӀералъде
0
|
гьанкӀералъде
0
|
гьанкӀеразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гьанкӀерасдаса
0
|
гьанкӀералъдаса
0
|
гьанкӀералъдаса
0
|
гьанкӀераздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гьанкӀерасдасан
0
|
гьанкӀералъдасан
0
|
гьанкӀералъдасан
0
|
гьанкӀераздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гьанкӀерасухъ
0
|
гьанкӀералъухъ
0
|
гьанкӀералъухъ
0
|
гьанкӀеразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гьанкӀерасухъе
0
|
гьанкӀералъухъе
0
|
гьанкӀералъухъе
0
|
гьанкӀеразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гьанкӀерасухъа
0
|
гьанкӀералъухъа
0
|
гьанкӀералъухъа
0
|
гьанкӀеразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гьанкӀерасухъан
0
|
гьанкӀералъухъан
0
|
гьанкӀералъухъан
0
|
гьанкӀеразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гьанкӀерасулъ
0
|
гьанкӀералъулъ
0
|
гьанкӀералъулъ
0
|
гьанкӀеразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гьанкӀерасулъе
0
|
гьанкӀералъулъе
0
|
гьанкӀералъулъе
0
|
гьанкӀеразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гьанкӀерасулъа
0
|
гьанкӀералъулъа
0
|
гьанкӀералъулъа
0
|
гьанкӀеразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гьанкӀерасулъан
0
|
гьанкӀералъулъан
0
|
гьанкӀералъулъан
0
|
гьанкӀеразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гьанкӀерасукь
0
|
гьанкӀералъукь
0
|
гьанкӀералъукь
0
|
гьанкӀеразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гьанкӀерасукье
0
|
гьанкӀералъукье
0
|
гьанкӀералъукье
0
|
гьанкӀеразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гьанкӀерасукьа
0
|
гьанкӀералъукьа
0
|
гьанкӀералъукьа
0
|
гьанкӀеразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гьанкӀерасукьан
0
|
гьанкӀералъукьан
0
|
гьанкӀералъукьан
0
|
гьанкӀеразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гьанкӀон
[hankʼon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гьанкӀон
[hankˀon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гьанкӀечӀого
[hankˀet͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гьанкӀолаго
[hankˀolago]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гьанкӀоларого
[hankˀolarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гьанкӀей
[hankˀej]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гьанкӀезе
[hankˀeze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
гьанкӀезавизе
/[hankʼezawize]/
🔒
0
|
гьанкӀезайизе
/[hankʼezajize]/
🔒
0
|
гьанкӀезабизе
/[hankˀezabize]/
🔒
1
|
гьанкӀезаризе
/[hankʼezarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гьанкӀезавуларо
/[hankʼezawularo]/
0
|
гьанкӀезайуларо
/[hankʼezajularo]/
0
|
гьанкӀезабуларо
/[hankˀezabularo]/
0
|
гьанкӀезаруларо
/[hankʼezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гьанкӀеаризе
[hankˀejarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гьанкӀеариларо
[hankˀejarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гьанкӀ-гьанкӀезе
[hankˀ-hankˀeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гьанкӀ-гьанкӀеларо
[hankˀ-hankˀelaro]
0
|
|||