Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
копошиться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: hunize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
188387
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
гьунана
[hunana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гьуничӀо
[hunit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гьунила
[hunila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гьуниларо
[hunilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гьунула
[hunula]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гьунуларо
[hunularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гьунулаан
[hunulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гьунулароан
[hunularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гьуне
[hune]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гьунуге
[hunuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гьунеги
[hunegi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гьунугеги
[hunugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гьунизин
[hunizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гьунани
[hunani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гьуничӀони
[hunit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьунанищ
[hunaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьуничӀищ
[hunit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гьунулищ
[hunuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьунуларищ
[hunulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьунилищ
[huniliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьуниларищ
[hunilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гьунарав
/[hunaraw]/
0
|
гьунарай
/[hunaraj]/
0
|
гьунараб
/[hunarab]/
0
|
гьунарал
/[hunaral]/
🔒
91
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гьуничӀев
/[hunit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гьуничӀей
/[hunit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гьуничӀеб
/[hunit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гьуничӀел
/[hunit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гьунулев
/[hunulew]/
0
|
гьунулей
/[hunulej]/
0
|
гьунулеб
/[hunuleb]/
0
|
гьунулел
/[hunulel]/
🔒
2
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гьунуларев
/[hunularew]/
0
|
гьунуларей
/[hunularej]/
0
|
гьунулареб
/[hunulareb]/
0
|
гьунуларел
/[hunularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гьунилев
/[hunilew]/
0
|
гьунилей
/[hunilej]/
0
|
гьунилеб
/[hunileb]/
0
|
гьунилел
/[hunilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гьуниларев
/[hunilarew]/
0
|
гьуниларей
/[hunilarej]/
0
|
гьунилареб
/[hunilareb]/
0
|
гьуниларел
/[hunilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гьунизехъин
[hunizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гьунизехъинро
[hunizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гьунеяв
/[hunejaw]/
0
|
гьунеяй
/[hunejaj]/
0
|
гьунеяб
/[hunejab]/
0
|
гьунеял
/[hunejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гьунарав
0
|
гьунарай
0
|
гьунараб
0
|
гьунарал
91
|
| Ergative |
гьунарас
0
|
гьунаралъ
30
|
гьунаралъ
30
|
гьунараз
10
|
| Genitive |
гьунарасул
0
|
гьунаралъул
142
|
гьунаралъул
142
|
гьунаразул
41
|
| Dative |
гьунарасе
0
|
гьунаралъе
47
|
гьунаралъе
47
|
гьунаразе
13
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гьунарасда
0
|
гьунаралъда
0
|
гьунаралъда
0
|
гьунаразда
4
|
| Allative (-де) |
гьунарасде
0
|
гьунаралъде
0
|
гьунаралъде
0
|
гьунаразде
4
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гьунарасдаса
0
|
гьунаралъдаса
0
|
гьунаралъдаса
0
|
гьунараздаса
7
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гьунарасдасан
0
|
гьунаралъдасан
0
|
гьунаралъдасан
0
|
гьунараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гьунарасухъ
0
|
гьунаралъухъ
13
|
гьунаралъухъ
13
|
гьунаразухъ
5
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гьунарасухъе
0
|
гьунаралъухъе
0
|
гьунаралъухъе
0
|
гьунаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гьунарасухъа
0
|
гьунаралъухъа
0
|
гьунаралъухъа
0
|
гьунаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гьунарасухъан
0
|
гьунаралъухъан
0
|
гьунаралъухъан
0
|
гьунаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гьунарасулъ
0
|
гьунаралъулъ
5
|
гьунаралъулъ
5
|
гьунаразулъ
3
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гьунарасулъе
0
|
гьунаралъулъе
0
|
гьунаралъулъе
0
|
гьунаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гьунарасулъа
0
|
гьунаралъулъа
0
|
гьунаралъулъа
0
|
гьунаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гьунарасулъан
0
|
гьунаралъулъан
0
|
гьунаралъулъан
0
|
гьунаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гьунарасукь
0
|
гьунаралъукь
0
|
гьунаралъукь
0
|
гьунаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гьунарасукье
0
|
гьунаралъукье
0
|
гьунаралъукье
0
|
гьунаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гьунарасукьа
0
|
гьунаралъукьа
1
|
гьунаралъукьа
1
|
гьунаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гьунарасукьан
0
|
гьунаралъукьан
0
|
гьунаралъукьан
0
|
гьунаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гьунун
[hunun]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гьунун
[hunun]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гьуничӀого
[hunit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гьунулаго
[hunulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гьунуларого
[hunularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гьуни
[huni]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гьунизе
[hunize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
гьунизавизе
/[hunizawize]/
0
|
гьунизайизе
/[hunizajize]/
0
|
гьунизабизе
/[hunizabize]/
0
|
гьунизаризе
/[hunizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гьунизавуларо
/[hunizawularo]/
0
|
гьунизайуларо
/[hunizajularo]/
0
|
гьунизабуларо
/[hunizabularo]/
0
|
гьунизаруларо
/[hunizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гьуниаризе
[hunijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гьуниариларо
[hunijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гьун-гьунизе
[hun-hunize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гьун-гьуниларо
[hun-hunilaro]
0
|
|||