Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
коченеть
намёрзнуть
окоченеть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ruhine
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
188725
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
ругьана
[ruhana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
ругьинчӀо
[ruhint͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
ругьина
[ruhina]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
ругьинаро
[ruhinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
ругьуна
[ruhuna]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
ругьунаро
[ruhunaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
ругьунаан
[ruhunajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
ругьунароан
[ruhunarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
ругьа
[ruha]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
ругьунге
[ruhunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
ругьаги
[ruhagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
ругьунгеги
[ruhungegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
ругьинин
[ruhinin]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
ругьани
[ruhani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
ругьинчӀони
[ruhint͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
ругьанищ
[ruhaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ругьинчӀищ
[ruhint͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
ругьунищ
[ruhuniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
ругьунарищ
[ruhunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
ругьинищ
[ruhiniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ругьинарищ
[ruhinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
ругьарав
/[ruharaw]/
0
|
ругьарай
/[ruharaj]/
0
|
ругьараб
/[ruharab]/
0
|
ругьарал
/[ruharal]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
ругьинчӀев
/[ruhint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
ругьинчӀей
/[ruhint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
ругьинчӀеб
/[ruhint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
ругьинчӀел
/[ruhint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
ругьунев
/[ruhunew]/
🔒
0
|
ругьуней
/[ruhunej]/
🔒
0
|
ругьунеб
/[ruhuneb]/
🔒
1
|
ругьунел
/[ruhunel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
ругьунарев
/[ruhunarew]/
0
|
ругьунарей
/[ruhunarej]/
0
|
ругьунареб
/[ruhunareb]/
0
|
ругьунарел
/[ruhunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
ругьинев
/[ruhinew]/
0
|
ругьиней
/[ruhinej]/
0
|
ругьинеб
/[ruhineb]/
0
|
ругьинел
/[ruhinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
ругьинарев
/[ruhinarew]/
0
|
ругьинарей
/[ruhinarej]/
0
|
ругьинареб
/[ruhinareb]/
0
|
ругьинарел
/[ruhinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
ругьинехъин
[ruhineq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
ругьинехъинро
[ruhineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
ругьаяв
/[ruhajaw]/
0
|
ругьаяй
/[ruhajaj]/
0
|
ругьаяб
/[ruhajab]/
0
|
ругьаял
/[ruhajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
ругьарав
0
|
ругьарай
0
|
ругьараб
0
|
ругьарал
1
|
| Ergative |
ругьарас
0
|
ругьаралъ
0
|
ругьаралъ
0
|
ругьараз
0
|
| Genitive |
ругьарасул
0
|
ругьаралъул
0
|
ругьаралъул
0
|
ругьаразул
0
|
| Dative |
ругьарасе
0
|
ругьаралъе
0
|
ругьаралъе
0
|
ругьаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
ругьарасда
0
|
ругьаралъда
0
|
ругьаралъда
0
|
ругьаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
ругьарасде
0
|
ругьаралъде
0
|
ругьаралъде
0
|
ругьаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
ругьарасдаса
0
|
ругьаралъдаса
0
|
ругьаралъдаса
0
|
ругьараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
ругьарасдасан
0
|
ругьаралъдасан
0
|
ругьаралъдасан
0
|
ругьараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
ругьарасухъ
0
|
ругьаралъухъ
0
|
ругьаралъухъ
0
|
ругьаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
ругьарасухъе
0
|
ругьаралъухъе
0
|
ругьаралъухъе
0
|
ругьаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
ругьарасухъа
0
|
ругьаралъухъа
0
|
ругьаралъухъа
0
|
ругьаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
ругьарасухъан
0
|
ругьаралъухъан
0
|
ругьаралъухъан
0
|
ругьаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
ругьарасулъ
0
|
ругьаралъулъ
0
|
ругьаралъулъ
0
|
ругьаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
ругьарасулъе
0
|
ругьаралъулъе
0
|
ругьаралъулъе
0
|
ругьаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
ругьарасулъа
0
|
ругьаралъулъа
0
|
ругьаралъулъа
0
|
ругьаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
ругьарасулъан
0
|
ругьаралъулъан
0
|
ругьаралъулъан
0
|
ругьаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
ругьарасукь
0
|
ругьаралъукь
0
|
ругьаралъукь
0
|
ругьаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
ругьарасукье
0
|
ругьаралъукье
0
|
ругьаралъукье
0
|
ругьаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
ругьарасукьа
0
|
ругьаралъукьа
0
|
ругьаралъукьа
0
|
ругьаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
ругьарасукьан
0
|
ругьаралъукьан
0
|
ругьаралъукьан
0
|
ругьаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
ругьун
[ruhun]
🔒
360
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
ругьун
[ruhun]
🔒
360
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
ругьинчӀого
[ruhint͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
ругьунаго
[ruhunago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
ругьунарого
[ruhunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
ругьин
[ruhin]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
ругьине
[ruhine]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
ругьинавизе
/[ruhinawize]/
🔒
0
|
ругьинайизе
/[ruhinajize]/
0
|
ругьинабизе
/[ruhinabize]/
🔒
0
|
ругьинаризе
/[ruhinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
ругьинавуларо
/[ruhinawularo]/
0
|
ругьинайуларо
/[ruhinajularo]/
0
|
ругьинабуларо
/[ruhinabularo]/
0
|
ругьинаруларо
/[ruhinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
ругьанхъизе
[ruhanq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
ругьанхъиларо
[ruhanq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
ругь-ругьине
[ruh-ruhine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
ругь-ругьинаро
[ruh-ruhinaro]
0
|
|||