Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
кручиниться
затосковать
изголодаться
надоесть
наскучить
приесться
скучать
соскучиваться
утомиться
стосковаться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ch'alghine
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
189227
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
8
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃʼalʕunew wugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼalʕunej jigo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼalʕuneb bugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼalʕunel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃʼalʕunew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼalʕunej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼalʕuneb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼalʕunel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
чӀалгӀана
[t͡ʃˀalʕana]
🔒
10
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
чӀалгӀинчӀо
[t͡ʃˀalʕint͡ʃˀo]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Future Simple |
чӀалгӀина
[t͡ʃˀalʕina]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
чӀалгӀинаро
[t͡ʃˀalʕinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
чӀалгӀуна
[t͡ʃˀalʕuna]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
чӀалгӀунаро
[t͡ʃˀalʕunaro]
🔒
4
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
чӀалгӀунаан
[t͡ʃʼalʕunajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
чӀалгӀунароан
[t͡ʃʼalʕunarojan]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чӀалгӀа
[t͡ʃˀalʕa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чӀалгӀунге
[t͡ʃˀalʕunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
чӀалгӀаги
[t͡ʃˀalʕagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
чӀалгӀунгеги
[t͡ʃˀalʕungegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
чӀалгӀинин
[t͡ʃʼalʕinin]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
чӀалгӀани
[t͡ʃˀalʕani]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
чӀалгӀинчӀони
[t͡ʃˀalʕint͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀалгӀанищ
[t͡ʃˀalʕaniʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀалгӀинчӀищ
[t͡ʃˀalʕint͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀалгӀунищ
[t͡ʃˀalʕuniʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀалгӀунарищ
[t͡ʃˀalʕunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀалгӀинищ
[t͡ʃˀalʕiniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀалгӀинарищ
[t͡ʃˀalʕinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чӀалгӀарав
/[t͡ʃˀalʕaraw]/
🔒
15
|
чӀалгӀарай
/[t͡ʃˀalʕaraj]/
🔒
2
|
чӀалгӀараб
/[t͡ʃˀalʕarab]/
🔒
17
|
чӀалгӀарал
/[t͡ʃˀalʕaral]/
🔒
5
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чӀалгӀинчӀев
/[t͡ʃʼalʕint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
чӀалгӀинчӀей
/[t͡ʃʼalʕint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
чӀалгӀинчӀеб
/[t͡ʃʼalʕint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
чӀалгӀинчӀел
/[t͡ʃʼalʕint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
чӀалгӀунев
/[t͡ʃˀalʕunew]/
🔒
0
|
чӀалгӀуней
/[t͡ʃˀalʕunej]/
🔒
0
|
чӀалгӀунеб
/[t͡ʃˀalʕuneb]/
🔒
6
|
чӀалгӀунел
/[t͡ʃʼalʕunel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чӀалгӀунарев
/[t͡ʃˀalʕunarew]/
🔒
2
|
чӀалгӀунарей
/[t͡ʃˀalʕunarej]/
🔒
1
|
чӀалгӀунареб
/[t͡ʃˀalʕunareb]/
🔒
3
|
чӀалгӀунарел
/[t͡ʃˀalʕunarel]/
🔒
3
|
| Future Participle |
чӀалгӀинев
/[t͡ʃʼalʕinew]/
0
|
чӀалгӀиней
/[t͡ʃʼalʕinej]/
0
|
чӀалгӀинеб
/[t͡ʃʼalʕineb]/
0
|
чӀалгӀинел
/[t͡ʃʼalʕinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чӀалгӀинарев
/[t͡ʃˀalʕinarew]/
🔒
0
|
чӀалгӀинарей
/[t͡ʃˀalʕinarej]/
🔒
0
|
чӀалгӀинареб
/[t͡ʃˀalʕinareb]/
🔒
1
|
чӀалгӀинарел
/[t͡ʃʼalʕinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чӀалгӀинехъин
[t͡ʃʼalʕineq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чӀалгӀинехъинро
[t͡ʃʼalʕineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
чӀалгӀаяв
/[t͡ʃˀalʕajaw]/
0
|
чӀалгӀаяй
/[t͡ʃˀalʕajaj]/
0
|
чӀалгӀаяб
/[t͡ʃˀalʕajab]/
0
|
чӀалгӀаял
/[t͡ʃʼalʕajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чӀалгӀарав
15
|
чӀалгӀарай
2
|
чӀалгӀараб
17
|
чӀалгӀарал
5
|
| Ergative |
чӀалгӀарас
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъ
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъ
0
|
чӀалгӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
чӀалгӀарасул
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъул
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъул
0
|
чӀалгӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
чӀалгӀарасе
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъе
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъе
0
|
чӀалгӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чӀалгӀарасда
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъда
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъда
0
|
чӀалгӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
чӀалгӀарасде
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъде
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъде
0
|
чӀалгӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чӀалгӀарасдаса
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъдаса
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъдаса
0
|
чӀалгӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чӀалгӀарасдасан
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъдасан
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъдасан
0
|
чӀалгӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чӀалгӀарасухъ
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъухъ
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъухъ
0
|
чӀалгӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чӀалгӀарасухъе
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъухъе
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъухъе
0
|
чӀалгӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чӀалгӀарасухъа
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъухъа
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъухъа
0
|
чӀалгӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чӀалгӀарасухъан
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъухъан
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъухъан
0
|
чӀалгӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чӀалгӀарасулъ
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъулъ
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъулъ
0
|
чӀалгӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чӀалгӀарасулъе
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъулъе
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъулъе
0
|
чӀалгӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чӀалгӀарасулъа
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъулъа
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъулъа
0
|
чӀалгӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чӀалгӀарасулъан
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъулъан
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъулъан
0
|
чӀалгӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чӀалгӀарасукь
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъукь
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъукь
0
|
чӀалгӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чӀалгӀарасукье
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъукье
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъукье
0
|
чӀалгӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чӀалгӀарасукьа
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъукьа
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъукьа
0
|
чӀалгӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чӀалгӀарасукьан
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъукьан
0
|
чӀалгӀаралъукьан
0
|
чӀалгӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чӀалгӀун
[t͡ʃʼalʕun]
🔒
89
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
чӀалгӀун
[t͡ʃˀalʕun]
🔒
89
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чӀалгӀинчӀого
[t͡ʃˀalʕint͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
чӀалгӀунаго
[t͡ʃʼalʕunago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
чӀалгӀунарого
[t͡ʃˀalʕunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чӀалгӀин
[t͡ʃˀalʕin]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Infinitive |
чӀалгӀине
[t͡ʃˀalʕine]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Causative |
чӀалгӀинавизе
/[t͡ʃʼalʕinawize]/
🔒
0
|
чӀалгӀинайизе
/[t͡ʃʼalʕinajize]/
0
|
чӀалгӀинабизе
/[t͡ʃʼalʕinabize]/
🔒
0
|
чӀалгӀинаризе
/[t͡ʃʼalʕinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
чӀалгӀинавуларо
/[t͡ʃʼalʕinawularo]/
0
|
чӀалгӀинайуларо
/[t͡ʃʼalʕinajularo]/
0
|
чӀалгӀинабуларо
/[t͡ʃˀalʕinabularo]/
0
|
чӀалгӀинаруларо
/[t͡ʃʼalʕinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
чӀалгӀанхъизе
[t͡ʃʼalʕanq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
чӀалгӀанхъиларо
[t͡ʃˀalʕanq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
чӀалгӀ-чӀалгӀине
[t͡ʃˀalʕ-t͡ʃˀalʕine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
чӀалгӀ-чӀалгӀинаро
[t͡ʃˀalʕ-t͡ʃˀalʕinaro]
0
|
|||