Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
лакать
таять
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: chapize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
189603
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
чапана
[t͡ʃapana]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
чапичӀо
[t͡ʃapit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
чапила
[t͡ʃapila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
чапиларо
[t͡ʃapilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
чапула
[t͡ʃapula]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
чапуларо
[t͡ʃapularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
чапулаан
[t͡ʃapulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
чапулароан
[t͡ʃapularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чапе
[t͡ʃape]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чапуге
[t͡ʃapuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
чапеги
[t͡ʃapegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
чапугеги
[t͡ʃapugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
чапизин
[t͡ʃapizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
чапани
[t͡ʃapani]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
чапичӀони
[t͡ʃapit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чапанищ
[t͡ʃapaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чапичӀищ
[t͡ʃapit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чапулищ
[t͡ʃapuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чапуларищ
[t͡ʃapulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чапилищ
[t͡ʃapiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чапиларищ
[t͡ʃapilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чапарав
/[t͡ʃaparaw]/
0
|
чапарай
/[t͡ʃaparaj]/
0
|
чапараб
/[t͡ʃaparab]/
🔒
2
|
чапарал
/[t͡ʃaparal]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чапичӀев
/[t͡ʃapit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
чапичӀей
/[t͡ʃapit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
чапичӀеб
/[t͡ʃapit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
чапичӀел
/[t͡ʃapit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
чапулев
/[t͡ʃapulew]/
0
|
чапулей
/[t͡ʃapulej]/
0
|
чапулеб
/[t͡ʃapuleb]/
🔒
1
|
чапулел
/[t͡ʃapulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чапуларев
/[t͡ʃapularew]/
0
|
чапуларей
/[t͡ʃapularej]/
0
|
чапулареб
/[t͡ʃapulareb]/
0
|
чапуларел
/[t͡ʃapularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
чапилев
/[t͡ʃapilew]/
0
|
чапилей
/[t͡ʃapilej]/
0
|
чапилеб
/[t͡ʃapileb]/
0
|
чапилел
/[t͡ʃapilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чапиларев
/[t͡ʃapilarew]/
0
|
чапиларей
/[t͡ʃapilarej]/
0
|
чапилареб
/[t͡ʃapilareb]/
0
|
чапиларел
/[t͡ʃapilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чапизехъин
[t͡ʃapizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чапизехъинро
[t͡ʃapizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
чапеяв
/[t͡ʃapejaw]/
0
|
чапеяй
/[t͡ʃapejaj]/
0
|
чапеяб
/[t͡ʃapejab]/
0
|
чапеял
/[t͡ʃapejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чапарав
0
|
чапарай
0
|
чапараб
2
|
чапарал
0
|
| Ergative |
чапарас
2
|
чапаралъ
1
|
чапаралъ
1
|
чапараз
0
|
| Genitive |
чапарасул
2
|
чапаралъул
0
|
чапаралъул
0
|
чапаразул
0
|
| Dative |
чапарасе
0
|
чапаралъе
0
|
чапаралъе
0
|
чапаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чапарасда
3
|
чапаралъда
0
|
чапаралъда
0
|
чапаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
чапарасде
0
|
чапаралъде
0
|
чапаралъде
0
|
чапаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чапарасдаса
0
|
чапаралъдаса
0
|
чапаралъдаса
0
|
чапараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чапарасдасан
0
|
чапаралъдасан
0
|
чапаралъдасан
0
|
чапараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чапарасухъ
0
|
чапаралъухъ
0
|
чапаралъухъ
0
|
чапаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чапарасухъе
0
|
чапаралъухъе
0
|
чапаралъухъе
0
|
чапаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чапарасухъа
0
|
чапаралъухъа
0
|
чапаралъухъа
0
|
чапаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чапарасухъан
0
|
чапаралъухъан
0
|
чапаралъухъан
0
|
чапаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чапарасулъ
0
|
чапаралъулъ
0
|
чапаралъулъ
0
|
чапаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чапарасулъе
0
|
чапаралъулъе
0
|
чапаралъулъе
0
|
чапаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чапарасулъа
0
|
чапаралъулъа
0
|
чапаралъулъа
0
|
чапаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чапарасулъан
0
|
чапаралъулъан
0
|
чапаралъулъан
0
|
чапаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чапарасукь
0
|
чапаралъукь
0
|
чапаралъукь
0
|
чапаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чапарасукье
0
|
чапаралъукье
0
|
чапаралъукье
0
|
чапаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чапарасукьа
0
|
чапаралъукьа
0
|
чапаралъукьа
0
|
чапаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чапарасукьан
0
|
чапаралъукьан
0
|
чапаралъукьан
0
|
чапаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чапун
[t͡ʃapun]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
чапун
[t͡ʃapun]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чапичӀого
[t͡ʃapit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
чапулаго
[t͡ʃapulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
чапуларого
[t͡ʃapularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чапи
[t͡ʃapi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
чапизе
[t͡ʃapize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
чапизавизе
/[t͡ʃapizawize]/
0
|
чапизайизе
/[t͡ʃapizajize]/
0
|
чапизабизе
/[t͡ʃapizabize]/
0
|
чапизаризе
/[t͡ʃapizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
чапизавуларо
/[t͡ʃapizawularo]/
0
|
чапизайуларо
/[t͡ʃapizajularo]/
0
|
чапизабуларо
/[t͡ʃapizabularo]/
0
|
чапизаруларо
/[t͡ʃapizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
чапиаризе
[t͡ʃapijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
чапиариларо
[t͡ʃapijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
чап-чапизе
[t͡ʃap-t͡ʃapize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
чап-чапиларо
[t͡ʃap-t͡ʃapilaro]
0
|
|||