Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: ts'ir-ts'irize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
190514
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirulew wugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirulej jigo]/ |
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀiruleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀiruleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
цӀир-цӀирана
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀир-цӀиричӀо
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀир-цӀирила
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀир-цӀириларо
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀир-цӀирула
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀир-цӀируларо
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
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| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀир-цӀирулаан
[t͡sʼir-t͡sʼirulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀир-цӀирулароан
[t͡sʼir-t͡sʼirularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀир-цӀире
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀire]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀир-цӀируге
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀiruge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀир-цӀиреги
[t͡sʼir-t͡sʼiregi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀир-цӀиругеги
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀир-цӀиризин
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀир-цӀирани
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀир-цӀиричӀони
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀир-цӀиранищ
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀiraniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀир-цӀиричӀищ
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀир-цӀирулищ
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀiruliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀир-цӀируларищ
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀир-цӀирилищ
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀiriliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀир-цӀириларищ
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀир-цӀирарав
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀiraraw]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀирарай
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀiraraj]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀирараб
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirarab]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀирарал
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀiraral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀир-цӀиричӀев
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀиричӀей
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀиричӀеб
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀиричӀел
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
цӀир-цӀирулев
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirulew]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀирулей
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirulej]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀирулеб
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀiruleb]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀирулел
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀир-цӀируларев
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirularew]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀируларей
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirularej]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀирулареб
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirulareb]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀируларел
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
цӀир-цӀирилев
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirilew]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀирилей
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirilej]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀирилеб
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirileb]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀирилел
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀир-цӀириларев
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirilarew]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀириларей
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirilarej]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀирилареб
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirilareb]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀириларел
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀир-цӀиризехъин
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀир-цӀиризехъинро
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀир-цӀиреяв
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirejaw]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀиреяй
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirejaj]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀиреяб
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirejab]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀиреял
/[t͡sʼir-t͡sʼirejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀир-цӀирарав
0
|
цӀир-цӀирарай
0
|
цӀир-цӀирараб
0
|
цӀир-цӀирарал
0
|
| Ergative |
цӀир-цӀирарас
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъ
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъ
0
|
цӀир-цӀирараз
0
|
| Genitive |
цӀир-цӀирарасул
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъул
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъул
0
|
цӀир-цӀираразул
0
|
| Dative |
цӀир-цӀирарасе
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъе
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъе
0
|
цӀир-цӀираразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀир-цӀирарасда
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъда
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъда
0
|
цӀир-цӀираразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀир-цӀирарасде
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъде
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъде
0
|
цӀир-цӀираразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀир-цӀирарасдаса
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъдаса
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъдаса
0
|
цӀир-цӀирараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀир-цӀирарасдасан
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъдасан
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъдасан
0
|
цӀир-цӀирараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀир-цӀирарасухъ
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъухъ
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъухъ
0
|
цӀир-цӀираразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀир-цӀирарасухъе
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъухъе
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъухъе
0
|
цӀир-цӀираразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀир-цӀирарасухъа
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъухъа
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъухъа
0
|
цӀир-цӀираразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀир-цӀирарасухъан
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъухъан
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъухъан
0
|
цӀир-цӀираразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀир-цӀирарасулъ
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъулъ
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъулъ
0
|
цӀир-цӀираразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀир-цӀирарасулъе
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъулъе
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъулъе
0
|
цӀир-цӀираразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀир-цӀирарасулъа
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъулъа
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъулъа
0
|
цӀир-цӀираразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀир-цӀирарасулъан
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъулъан
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъулъан
0
|
цӀир-цӀираразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀир-цӀирарасукь
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъукь
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъукь
0
|
цӀир-цӀираразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀир-цӀирарасукье
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъукье
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъукье
0
|
цӀир-цӀираразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀир-цӀирарасукьа
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъукьа
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъукьа
0
|
цӀир-цӀираразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀир-цӀирарасукьан
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъукьан
0
|
цӀир-цӀираралъукьан
0
|
цӀир-цӀираразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀир-цӀирун
[t͡sʼir-t͡sʼirun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀир-цӀирун
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀир-цӀиричӀого
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀир-цӀирулаго
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀир-цӀируларого
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀир-цӀири
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀiri]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀир-цӀиризе
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀир-цӀиризавизе
/[t͡sʼir-t͡sʼirizawize]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀиризайизе
/[t͡sʼir-t͡sʼirizajize]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀиризабизе
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirizabize]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀиризаризе
/[t͡sʼir-t͡sʼirizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀир-цӀиризавуларо
/[t͡sʼir-t͡sʼirizawularo]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀиризайуларо
/[t͡sʼir-t͡sʼirizajularo]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀиризабуларо
/[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirizabularo]/
0
|
цӀир-цӀиризаруларо
/[t͡sʼir-t͡sʼirizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀир-цӀириаризе
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀир-цӀириариларо
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀир-цӀир-цӀир-цӀиризе
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀir-t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀир-цӀир-цӀир-цӀириларо
[t͡sˀir-t͡sˀir-t͡sˀir-t͡sˀirilaro]
0
|
|||