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Russian
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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: makirlhize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
190591
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[makʰirɬulew wugo]/ |
/[makʰirɬulej jigo]/ |
/[makʰirɬuleb bugo]/ |
/[makʰirɬulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[makʰirɬulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[makʰirɬulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[makʰirɬuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[makʰirɬulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
макирлъана
[makʰirɬana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
макирлъичӀо
[makʰirɬit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
макирлъила
[makʰirɬila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
макирлъиларо
[makʰirɬilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
макирлъула
[makʰirɬula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
макирлъуларо
[makʰirɬularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
макирлъулаан
[makʰirɬulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
макирлъулароан
[makʰirɬularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
макирлъе
[makʰirɬe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
макирлъуге
[makʰirɬuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
макирлъеги
[makʰirɬegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
макирлъугеги
[makʰirɬugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
макирлъизин
[makʰirɬizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
макирлъани
[makʰirɬani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
макирлъичӀони
[makʰirɬit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
макирлъанищ
[makʰirɬaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
макирлъичӀищ
[makʰirɬit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
макирлъулищ
[makʰirɬuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
макирлъуларищ
[makʰirɬulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
макирлъилищ
[makʰirɬiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
макирлъиларищ
[makʰirɬilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
макирлъарав
/[makʰirɬaraw]/
0
|
макирлъарай
/[makʰirɬaraj]/
0
|
макирлъараб
/[makʰirɬarab]/
0
|
макирлъарал
/[makʰirɬaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
макирлъичӀев
/[makʰirɬit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
макирлъичӀей
/[makʰirɬit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
макирлъичӀеб
/[makʰirɬit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
макирлъичӀел
/[makʰirɬit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
макирлъулев
/[makʰirɬulew]/
0
|
макирлъулей
/[makʰirɬulej]/
0
|
макирлъулеб
/[makʰirɬuleb]/
0
|
макирлъулел
/[makʰirɬulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
макирлъуларев
/[makʰirɬularew]/
0
|
макирлъуларей
/[makʰirɬularej]/
0
|
макирлъулареб
/[makʰirɬulareb]/
0
|
макирлъуларел
/[makʰirɬularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
макирлъилев
/[makʰirɬilew]/
0
|
макирлъилей
/[makʰirɬilej]/
0
|
макирлъилеб
/[makʰirɬileb]/
0
|
макирлъилел
/[makʰirɬilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
макирлъиларев
/[makʰirɬilarew]/
0
|
макирлъиларей
/[makʰirɬilarej]/
0
|
макирлъилареб
/[makʰirɬilareb]/
0
|
макирлъиларел
/[makʰirɬilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
макирлъизехъин
[makʰirɬizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
макирлъизехъинро
[makʰirɬizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
макирлъеяв
/[makʰirɬejaw]/
0
|
макирлъеяй
/[makʰirɬejaj]/
0
|
макирлъеяб
/[makʰirɬejab]/
0
|
макирлъеял
/[makʰirɬejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
макирлъарав
0
|
макирлъарай
0
|
макирлъараб
0
|
макирлъарал
0
|
| Ergative |
макирлъарас
0
|
макирлъаралъ
0
|
макирлъаралъ
0
|
макирлъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
макирлъарасул
0
|
макирлъаралъул
0
|
макирлъаралъул
0
|
макирлъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
макирлъарасе
0
|
макирлъаралъе
0
|
макирлъаралъе
0
|
макирлъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
макирлъарасда
0
|
макирлъаралъда
0
|
макирлъаралъда
0
|
макирлъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
макирлъарасде
0
|
макирлъаралъде
0
|
макирлъаралъде
0
|
макирлъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
макирлъарасдаса
0
|
макирлъаралъдаса
0
|
макирлъаралъдаса
0
|
макирлъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
макирлъарасдасан
0
|
макирлъаралъдасан
0
|
макирлъаралъдасан
0
|
макирлъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
макирлъарасухъ
0
|
макирлъаралъухъ
0
|
макирлъаралъухъ
0
|
макирлъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
макирлъарасухъе
0
|
макирлъаралъухъе
0
|
макирлъаралъухъе
0
|
макирлъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
макирлъарасухъа
0
|
макирлъаралъухъа
0
|
макирлъаралъухъа
0
|
макирлъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
макирлъарасухъан
0
|
макирлъаралъухъан
0
|
макирлъаралъухъан
0
|
макирлъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
макирлъарасулъ
0
|
макирлъаралъулъ
0
|
макирлъаралъулъ
0
|
макирлъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
макирлъарасулъе
0
|
макирлъаралъулъе
0
|
макирлъаралъулъе
0
|
макирлъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
макирлъарасулъа
0
|
макирлъаралъулъа
0
|
макирлъаралъулъа
0
|
макирлъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
макирлъарасулъан
0
|
макирлъаралъулъан
0
|
макирлъаралъулъан
0
|
макирлъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
макирлъарасукь
0
|
макирлъаралъукь
0
|
макирлъаралъукь
0
|
макирлъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
макирлъарасукье
0
|
макирлъаралъукье
0
|
макирлъаралъукье
0
|
макирлъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
макирлъарасукьа
0
|
макирлъаралъукьа
0
|
макирлъаралъукьа
0
|
макирлъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
макирлъарасукьан
0
|
макирлъаралъукьан
0
|
макирлъаралъукьан
0
|
макирлъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
макирлъун
[makʰirɬun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
макирлъун
[makʰirɬun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
макирлъичӀого
[makʰirɬit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
макирлъулаго
[makʰirɬulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
макирлъуларого
[makʰirɬularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
макирлъи
[makʰirɬi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
макирлъизе
[makʰirɬize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
макирлъизавизе
/[makʰirɬizawize]/
0
|
макирлъизайизе
/[makʰirɬizajize]/
0
|
макирлъизабизе
/[makʰirɬizabize]/
0
|
макирлъизаризе
/[makʰirɬizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
макирлъизавуларо
/[makʰirɬizawularo]/
0
|
макирлъизайуларо
/[makʰirɬizajularo]/
0
|
макирлъизабуларо
/[makʰirɬizabularo]/
0
|
макирлъизаруларо
/[makʰirɬizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
макирлъиаризе
[makʰirɬijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
макирлъиариларо
[makʰirɬijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
макирлъ-макирлъизе
[makʰirɬ-makʰirɬize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
макирлъ-макирлъиларо
[makʰirɬ-makʰirɬilaro]
0
|
|||