Personal Notes
This word has other meanings (homographs).
View alternatives
🌐 Translations
Russian
лупить; побить, избивать, отлупить
English
to beat, to thrash, to wallop
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: bakine
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
Yes
Verb Class
Class III
System Information
Database ID
190632
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
2
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
вакана
/[wakʰana]/
0
|
йакана
/[jakʰana]/
0
якана
/[jakʰana]/
0
|
бакана
/[bakʰana]/
🔒
17
|
ракана
/[rakʰana]/
🔒
2
|
| Past Simple Negative |
вакинчӀо
/[wakʰint͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
йакинчӀо
/[jakʰint͡ʃʼo]/
0
якинчӀо
/[jakʰint͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
бакинчӀо
/[bakʰint͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
ракинчӀо
/[rakʰint͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
вакина
/[wakʰina]/
0
|
йакина
/[jakʰina]/
0
якина
/[jakʰina]/
0
|
бакина
/[bakʰina]/
0
|
ракина
/[rakʰina]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
вакинаро
/[wakʰinaro]/
0
|
йакинаро
/[jakʰinaro]/
0
якинаро
/[jakʰinaro]/
0
|
бакинаро
/[bakʰinaro]/
0
|
ракинаро
/[rakʰinaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
вакуна
/[wakʰuna]/
0
|
йакуна
/[jakʰuna]/
0
якуна
/[jakʰuna]/
0
|
бакуна
/[bakʰuna]/
🔒
0
|
ракуна
/[rakʰuna]/
🔒
1
|
| Constative Negative |
вакунаро
/[wakʰunaro]/
0
|
йакунаро
/[jakʰunaro]/
0
якунаро
/[jakʰunaro]/
0
|
бакунаро
/[bakʰunaro]/
0
|
ракунаро
/[rakʰunaro]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
вакунаан
/[wakʰunajan]/
0
|
йакунаан
/[jakʰunajan]/
0
якунаан
/[jakʰunajan]/
0
|
бакунаан
/[bakʰunajan]/
0
|
ракунаан
/[rakʰunajan]/
0
|
| Remote Past Negative |
вакунароан
/[wakʰunarojan]/
0
|
йакунароан
/[jakʰunarojan]/
0
якунароан
/[jakʰunarojan]/
0
|
бакунароан
/[bakʰunarojan]/
0
|
ракунароан
/[rakʰunarojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
вака
/[wakʰa]/
0
|
йака
/[jakʰa]/
0
яка
/[jakʰa]/
0
|
бака
/[bakʰa]/
🔒
0
|
рака
/[rakʰa]/
🔒
2
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
вакунге
/[wakʰunge]/
0
|
йакунге
/[jakʰunge]/
0
якунге
/[jakʰunge]/
0
|
бакунге
/[bakʰunge]/
0
|
ракунге
/[rakʰunge]/
0
|
| Optative |
вакаги
/[wakʰagi]/
0
|
йакаги
/[jakʰagi]/
0
якаги
/[jakʰagi]/
0
|
бакаги
/[bakʰagi]/
0
|
ракаги
/[rakʰagi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
вакунгеги
/[wakʰungegi]/
0
|
йакунгеги
/[jakʰungegi]/
0
якунгеги
/[jakʰungegi]/
0
|
бакунгеги
/[bakʰungegi]/
0
|
ракунгеги
/[rakʰungegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
вакинин
/[wakʰinin]/
🔒
0
|
йакинин
/[jakʰinin]/
🔒
0
якинин
/[jakʰinin]/
0
|
бакинин
/[bakʰinin]/
🔒
0
|
ракинин
/[rakʰinin]/
🔒
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
вакани
/[wakʰani]/
0
|
йакани
/[jakʰani]/
0
якани
/[jakʰani]/
0
|
бакани
/[bakʰani]/
🔒
9
|
ракани
/[rakʰani]/
🔒
1
|
| Conditional Negative |
вакинчӀони
/[wakʰint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
йакинчӀони
/[jakʰint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
якинчӀони
/[jakʰint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
бакинчӀони
/[bakʰint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
ракинчӀони
/[rakʰint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
ваканищ
/[wakʰaniʃː]/
0
|
йаканищ
/[jakʰaniʃː]/
0
яканищ
/[jakʰaniʃː]/
0
|
баканищ
/[bakʰaniʃː]/
0
|
раканищ
/[rakʰaniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вакинчӀищ
/[wakʰint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
йакинчӀищ
/[jakʰint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
якинчӀищ
/[jakʰint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
бакинчӀищ
/[bakʰint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
ракинчӀищ
/[rakʰint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
вакунищ
/[wakʰuniʃː]/
0
|
йакунищ
/[jakʰuniʃː]/
0
якунищ
/[jakʰuniʃː]/
0
|
бакунищ
/[bakʰuniʃː]/
0
|
ракунищ
/[rakʰuniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
вакунарищ
/[wakʰunariʃː]/
0
|
йакунарищ
/[jakʰunariʃː]/
0
якунарищ
/[jakʰunariʃː]/
0
|
бакунарищ
/[bakʰunariʃː]/
0
|
ракунарищ
/[rakʰunariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
вакинищ
/[wakʰiniʃː]/
0
|
йакинищ
/[jakʰiniʃː]/
0
якинищ
/[jakʰiniʃː]/
0
|
бакинищ
/[bakʰiniʃː]/
0
|
ракинищ
/[rakʰiniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вакинарищ
/[wakʰinariʃː]/
0
|
йакинарищ
/[jakʰinariʃː]/
0
якинарищ
/[jakʰinariʃː]/
0
|
бакинарищ
/[bakʰinariʃː]/
0
|
ракинарищ
/[rakʰinariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
вакарав
/[wakʰaraw]/
0
|
йакарай
/[jakʰaraj]/
0
якарай
/[jakʰaraj]/
0
|
бакараб
/[bakʰarab]/
🔒
69
|
ракарал
/[rakʰaral]/
🔒
12
|
| Past Participle Negative |
вакинчӀев
/[wakʰint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
йакинчӀей
/[jakʰint͡ʃʼej]/
0
якинчӀей
/[jakʰint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бакинчӀеб
/[bakʰint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
ракинчӀел
/[rakʰint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
вакунев
/[wakʰunew]/
0
|
йакуней
/[jakʰunej]/
0
якуней
/[jakʰunej]/
0
|
бакунеб
/[bakʰuneb]/
0
|
ракунел
/[rakʰunel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle Negative |
вакунарев
/[wakʰunarew]/
0
|
йакунарей
/[jakʰunarej]/
0
якунарей
/[jakʰunarej]/
0
|
бакунареб
/[bakʰunareb]/
0
|
ракунарел
/[rakʰunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
вакинев
/[wakʰinew]/
0
|
йакиней
/[jakʰinej]/
0
якиней
/[jakʰinej]/
0
|
бакинеб
/[bakʰineb]/
0
|
ракинел
/[rakʰinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
вакинарев
/[wakʰinarew]/
0
|
йакинарей
/[jakʰinarej]/
0
якинарей
/[jakʰinarej]/
0
|
бакинареб
/[bakʰinareb]/
0
|
ракинарел
/[rakʰinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
вакинехъин
/[wakʰineq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
йакинехъин
/[jakʰineq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
якинехъин
/[jakʰineq͡χːin]/
0
|
бакинехъин
/[bakʰineq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
ракинехъин
/[rakʰineq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
вакинехъинро
/[wakʰineq͡χːinro]/
0
|
йакинехъинро
/[jakʰineq͡χːinro]/
0
якинехъинро
/[jakʰineq͡χːinro]/
0
|
бакинехъинро
/[bakʰineq͡χːinro]/
0
|
ракинехъинро
/[rakʰineq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
вакаяв
/[wakʰajaw]/
0
|
йакаяй
/[jakʰajaj]/
0
якаяй
/[jakʰajaj]/
0
|
бакаяб
/[bakʰajab]/
0
|
ракаял
/[rakʰajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
вакарав
0
|
йакарай
0
якарай
0
|
бакараб
69
|
ракарал
12
|
| Ergative |
вакарас
0
|
йакаралъ
0
якаралъ
0
|
бакаралъ
0
|
ракараз
0
|
| Genitive |
вакарасул
0
|
йакаралъул
0
якаралъул
0
|
бакаралъул
0
|
ракаразул
0
|
| Dative |
вакарасе
0
|
йакаралъе
0
якаралъе
0
|
бакаралъе
0
|
ракаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
вакарасда
0
|
йакаралъда
0
якаралъда
0
|
бакаралъда
0
|
ракаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
вакарасде
0
|
йакаралъде
0
якаралъде
0
|
бакаралъде
0
|
ракаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
вакарасдаса
0
|
йакаралъдаса
0
якаралъдаса
0
|
бакаралъдаса
0
|
ракараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
вакарасдасан
0
|
йакаралъдасан
0
якаралъдасан
0
|
бакаралъдасан
0
|
ракараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
вакарасухъ
0
|
йакаралъухъ
0
якаралъухъ
0
|
бакаралъухъ
0
|
ракаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
вакарасухъе
0
|
йакаралъухъе
0
якаралъухъе
0
|
бакаралъухъе
0
|
ракаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
вакарасухъа
0
|
йакаралъухъа
0
якаралъухъа
0
|
бакаралъухъа
0
|
ракаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
вакарасухъан
0
|
йакаралъухъан
0
якаралъухъан
0
|
бакаралъухъан
0
|
ракаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
вакарасулъ
0
|
йакаралъулъ
0
якаралъулъ
0
|
бакаралъулъ
0
|
ракаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
вакарасулъе
0
|
йакаралъулъе
0
якаралъулъе
0
|
бакаралъулъе
0
|
ракаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
вакарасулъа
0
|
йакаралъулъа
0
якаралъулъа
0
|
бакаралъулъа
0
|
ракаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
вакарасулъан
0
|
йакаралъулъан
0
якаралъулъан
0
|
бакаралъулъан
0
|
ракаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
вакарасукь
0
|
йакаралъукь
0
якаралъукь
0
|
бакаралъукь
0
|
ракаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
вакарасукье
0
|
йакаралъукье
0
якаралъукье
0
|
бакаралъукье
0
|
ракаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
вакарасукьа
0
|
йакаралъукьа
0
якаралъукьа
0
|
бакаралъукьа
0
|
ракаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
вакарасукьан
0
|
йакаралъукьан
0
якаралъукьан
0
|
бакаралъукьан
0
|
ракаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
вакун
/[wakʰun]/
🔒
2
|
йакун
/[jakʰun]/
0
якун
/[jakʰun]/
0
|
бакун
/[bakʰun]/
🔒
74
|
ракун
/[rakʰun]/
🔒
15
|
| Adverbial Past |
вакун
/[wakʰun]/
🔒
2
|
йакун
/[jakʰun]/
0
якун
/[jakʰun]/
0
|
бакун
/[bakʰun]/
🔒
74
|
ракун
/[rakʰun]/
🔒
15
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
вакинчӀого
/[wakʰint͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
йакинчӀого
/[jakʰint͡ʃʼogo]/
0
якинчӀого
/[jakʰint͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
бакинчӀого
/[bakʰint͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
ракинчӀого
/[rakʰint͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
1
|
| Adverbial General |
вакунаго
/[wakʰunago]/
0
|
йакунаго
/[jakʰunago]/
0
якунаго
/[jakʰunago]/
0
|
бакунаго
/[bakʰunago]/
🔒
1
|
ракунаго
/[rakʰunago]/
0
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
вакунарого
/[wakʰunarogo]/
0
|
йакунарого
/[jakʰunarogo]/
0
якунарого
/[jakʰunarogo]/
0
|
бакунарого
/[bakʰunarogo]/
0
|
ракунарого
/[rakʰunarogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
вакин
/[wakʰin]/
0
|
йакин
/[jakʰin]/
0
якин
/[jakʰin]/
0
|
бакин
/[bakʰin]/
🔒
1
|
ракин
/[rakʰin]/
0
|
| Infinitive |
вакине
/[wakʰine]/
0
|
йакине
/[jakʰine]/
0
якине
/[jakʰine]/
0
|
бакине
/[bakʰine]/
🔒
2
|
ракине
/[rakʰine]/
0
|
| Causative |
вакинавизе
/[wakʰinawize]/
🔒
0
|
йакинайизе
/[jakʰinajize]/
🔒
0
якинайизе
/[jakʰinajize]/
0
|
бакинабизе
/[bakʰinabize]/
🔒
0
|
ракинаризе
/[rakʰinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
вакинавуларо
/[wakʰinawularo]/
0
|
йакинайуларо
/[jakʰinajularo]/
0
якинайуларо
/[jakʰinajularo]/
0
|
бакинабуларо
/[bakʰinabularo]/
0
|
ракинаруларо
/[rakʰinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
ваканхъизе
/[wakʰanq͡χːize]/
0
|
йаканхъизе
/[jakʰanq͡χːize]/
0
яканхъизе
/[jakʰanq͡χːize]/
0
|
баканхъизе
/[bakʰanq͡χːize]/
0
|
раканхъизе
/[rakʰanq͡χːize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
ваканхъиларо
/[wakʰanq͡χːilaro]/
0
|
йаканхъиларо
/[jakʰanq͡χːilaro]/
0
яканхъиларо
/[jakʰanq͡χːilaro]/
0
|
баканхъиларо
/[bakʰanq͡χːilaro]/
0
|
раканхъиларо
/[rakʰanq͡χːilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
вак-вакине
/[wakʰ-wakʰine]/
0
|
йак-йакине
/[jakʰ-jakʰine]/
0
як-якине
/[jakʰ-jakʰine]/
0
|
бак-бакине
/[bakʰ-bakʰine]/
0
|
рак-ракине
/[rakʰ-rakʰine]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
вак-вакинаро
/[wakʰ-wakʰinaro]/
0
|
йак-йакинаро
/[jakʰ-jakʰinaro]/
0
як-якинаро
/[jakʰ-jakʰinaro]/
0
|
бак-бакинаро
/[bakʰ-bakʰinaro]/
0
|
рак-ракинаро
/[rakʰ-rakʰinaro]/
0
|