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Russian
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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: khul-khudize
Derivational Type
- Other derivation Not specified: from хьул
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
190715
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[xul-xudulew wugo]/ |
/[xul-xudulej jigo]/ |
/[xul-xuduleb bugo]/ |
/[xul-xudulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[xul-xudulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[xul-xudulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[xul-xuduleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[xul-xudulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
хьул-хьудана
[xul-xudana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хьул-хьудичӀо
[xul-xudit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хьул-хьудила
[xul-xudila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хьул-хьудиларо
[xul-xudilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хьул-хьудула
[xul-xudula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хьул-хьудуларо
[xul-xudularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хьул-хьудулаан
[xul-xudulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хьул-хьудулароан
[xul-xudularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хьул-хьуде
[xul-xude]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хьул-хьудуге
[xul-xuduge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хьул-хьудеги
[xul-xudegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хьул-хьудугеги
[xul-xudugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хьул-хьудизин
[xul-xudizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хьул-хьудани
[xul-xudani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хьул-хьудичӀони
[xul-xudit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хьул-хьуданищ
[xul-xudaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хьул-хьудичӀищ
[xul-xudit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хьул-хьудулищ
[xul-xuduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хьул-хьудуларищ
[xul-xudulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хьул-хьудилищ
[xul-xudiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хьул-хьудиларищ
[xul-xudilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хьул-хьударав
/[xul-xudaraw]/
0
|
хьул-хьударай
/[xul-xudaraj]/
0
|
хьул-хьудараб
/[xul-xudarab]/
0
|
хьул-хьударал
/[xul-xudaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хьул-хьудичӀев
/[xul-xudit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
хьул-хьудичӀей
/[xul-xudit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
хьул-хьудичӀеб
/[xul-xudit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
хьул-хьудичӀел
/[xul-xudit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хьул-хьудулев
/[xul-xudulew]/
0
|
хьул-хьудулей
/[xul-xudulej]/
0
|
хьул-хьудулеб
/[xul-xuduleb]/
0
|
хьул-хьудулел
/[xul-xudulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хьул-хьудуларев
/[xul-xudularew]/
0
|
хьул-хьудуларей
/[xul-xudularej]/
0
|
хьул-хьудулареб
/[xul-xudulareb]/
0
|
хьул-хьудуларел
/[xul-xudularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хьул-хьудилев
/[xul-xudilew]/
0
|
хьул-хьудилей
/[xul-xudilej]/
0
|
хьул-хьудилеб
/[xul-xudileb]/
0
|
хьул-хьудилел
/[xul-xudilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хьул-хьудиларев
/[xul-xudilarew]/
0
|
хьул-хьудиларей
/[xul-xudilarej]/
0
|
хьул-хьудилареб
/[xul-xudilareb]/
0
|
хьул-хьудиларел
/[xul-xudilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хьул-хьудизехъин
[xul-xudizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хьул-хьудизехъинро
[xul-xudizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хьул-хьудеяв
/[xul-xudejaw]/
0
|
хьул-хьудеяй
/[xul-xudejaj]/
0
|
хьул-хьудеяб
/[xul-xudejab]/
0
|
хьул-хьудеял
/[xul-xudejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хьул-хьударав
0
|
хьул-хьударай
0
|
хьул-хьудараб
0
|
хьул-хьударал
0
|
| Ergative |
хьул-хьударас
0
|
хьул-хьударалъ
0
|
хьул-хьударалъ
0
|
хьул-хьудараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хьул-хьударасул
0
|
хьул-хьударалъул
0
|
хьул-хьударалъул
0
|
хьул-хьударазул
0
|
| Dative |
хьул-хьударасе
0
|
хьул-хьударалъе
0
|
хьул-хьударалъе
0
|
хьул-хьударазе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хьул-хьударасда
0
|
хьул-хьударалъда
0
|
хьул-хьударалъда
0
|
хьул-хьударазда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хьул-хьударасде
0
|
хьул-хьударалъде
0
|
хьул-хьударалъде
0
|
хьул-хьударазде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хьул-хьударасдаса
0
|
хьул-хьударалъдаса
0
|
хьул-хьударалъдаса
0
|
хьул-хьудараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хьул-хьударасдасан
0
|
хьул-хьударалъдасан
0
|
хьул-хьударалъдасан
0
|
хьул-хьудараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хьул-хьударасухъ
0
|
хьул-хьударалъухъ
0
|
хьул-хьударалъухъ
0
|
хьул-хьударазухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хьул-хьударасухъе
0
|
хьул-хьударалъухъе
0
|
хьул-хьударалъухъе
0
|
хьул-хьударазухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хьул-хьударасухъа
0
|
хьул-хьударалъухъа
0
|
хьул-хьударалъухъа
0
|
хьул-хьударазухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хьул-хьударасухъан
0
|
хьул-хьударалъухъан
0
|
хьул-хьударалъухъан
0
|
хьул-хьударазухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хьул-хьударасулъ
0
|
хьул-хьударалъулъ
0
|
хьул-хьударалъулъ
0
|
хьул-хьударазулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хьул-хьударасулъе
0
|
хьул-хьударалъулъе
0
|
хьул-хьударалъулъе
0
|
хьул-хьударазулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хьул-хьударасулъа
0
|
хьул-хьударалъулъа
0
|
хьул-хьударалъулъа
0
|
хьул-хьударазулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хьул-хьударасулъан
0
|
хьул-хьударалъулъан
0
|
хьул-хьударалъулъан
0
|
хьул-хьударазулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хьул-хьударасукь
0
|
хьул-хьударалъукь
0
|
хьул-хьударалъукь
0
|
хьул-хьударазукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хьул-хьударасукье
0
|
хьул-хьударалъукье
0
|
хьул-хьударалъукье
0
|
хьул-хьударазукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хьул-хьударасукьа
0
|
хьул-хьударалъукьа
0
|
хьул-хьударалъукьа
0
|
хьул-хьударазукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хьул-хьударасукьан
0
|
хьул-хьударалъукьан
0
|
хьул-хьударалъукьан
0
|
хьул-хьударазукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хьул-хьудун
[xul-xudun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хьул-хьудун
[xul-xudun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хьул-хьудичӀого
[xul-xudit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хьул-хьудулаго
[xul-xudulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хьул-хьудуларого
[xul-xudularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хьул-хьуди
[xul-xudi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хьул-хьудизе
[xul-xudize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
хьул-хьудизавизе
/[xul-xudizawize]/
0
|
хьул-хьудизайизе
/[xul-xudizajize]/
0
|
хьул-хьудизабизе
/[xul-xudizabize]/
0
|
хьул-хьудизаризе
/[xul-xudizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хьул-хьудизавуларо
/[xul-xudizawularo]/
0
|
хьул-хьудизайуларо
/[xul-xudizajularo]/
0
|
хьул-хьудизабуларо
/[xul-xudizabularo]/
0
|
хьул-хьудизаруларо
/[xul-xudizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хьул-хьудиаризе
[xul-xudijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хьул-хьудиариларо
[xul-xudijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хьул-хьуд-хьул-хьудизе
[xul-xud-xul-xudize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хьул-хьуд-хьул-хьудиларо
[xul-xud-xul-xudilaro]
0
|
|||