Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
лязгать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: qʼershcheze
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
190807
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
къерщена
[q͡χˀːerʃːena]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
къерщечӀо
[q͡χˀːerʃːet͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
къерщела
[q͡χˀːerʃːela]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
къерщеларо
[q͡χˀːerʃːelaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
къерщола
[q͡χˀːerʃːola]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
къерщоларо
[q͡χˀːerʃːolaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
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| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
къерщолаан
[q͡χʼːerʃːolaan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
къерщолароан
[q͡χʼːerʃːolaroan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
къерще
[q͡χˀːerʃːe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
къерщоге
[q͡χˀːerʃːoge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
къерщеги
[q͡χʼːerʃːegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
къерщогеги
[q͡χˀːerʃːogegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
къерщезин
[q͡χˀːerʃːezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
къерщени
[q͡χˀːerʃːeni]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
къерщечӀони
[q͡χˀːerʃːet͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
къерщенищ
[q͡χˀːerʃːeniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
къерщечӀищ
[q͡χˀːerʃːet͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
къерщолищ
[q͡χˀːerʃːoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
къерщоларищ
[q͡χˀːerʃːolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
къерщелищ
[q͡χˀːerʃːeliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
къерщеларищ
[q͡χˀːerʃːelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
къерщерав
/[q͡χˀːerʃːeraw]/
0
|
къерщерай
/[q͡χˀːerʃːeraj]/
0
|
къерщераб
/[q͡χˀːerʃːerab]/
0
|
къерщерал
/[q͡χˀːerʃːeral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
къерщечӀев
/[q͡χˀːerʃːet͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
къерщечӀей
/[q͡χˀːerʃːet͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
къерщечӀеб
/[q͡χˀːerʃːet͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
къерщечӀел
/[q͡χˀːerʃːet͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
къерщолев
/[q͡χˀːerʃːolew]/
0
|
къерщолей
/[q͡χˀːerʃːolej]/
0
|
къерщолеб
/[q͡χˀːerʃːoleb]/
🔒
1
|
къерщолел
/[q͡χˀːerʃːolel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
къерщоларев
/[q͡χˀːerʃːolarew]/
0
|
къерщоларей
/[q͡χˀːerʃːolarej]/
0
|
къерщолареб
/[q͡χˀːerʃːolareb]/
0
|
къерщоларел
/[q͡χˀːerʃːolarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
къерщелев
/[q͡χˀːerʃːelew]/
0
|
къерщелей
/[q͡χˀːerʃːelej]/
0
|
къерщелеб
/[q͡χˀːerʃːeleb]/
0
|
къерщелел
/[q͡χˀːerʃːelel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
къерщеларев
/[q͡χˀːerʃːelarew]/
0
|
къерщеларей
/[q͡χˀːerʃːelarej]/
0
|
къерщелареб
/[q͡χˀːerʃːelareb]/
0
|
къерщеларел
/[q͡χˀːerʃːelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
къерщезехъин
[q͡χˀːerʃːezeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
къерщезехъинро
[q͡χˀːerʃːezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
къерщеяв
/[q͡χˀːerʃːejaw]/
0
|
къерщеяй
/[q͡χˀːerʃːejaj]/
0
|
къерщеяб
/[q͡χˀːerʃːejab]/
0
|
къерщеял
/[q͡χʼːerʃːejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
къерщерав
0
|
къерщерай
0
|
къерщераб
0
|
къерщерал
0
|
| Ergative |
къерщерас
0
|
къерщералъ
0
|
къерщералъ
0
|
къерщераз
0
|
| Genitive |
къерщерасул
0
|
къерщералъул
0
|
къерщералъул
0
|
къерщеразул
0
|
| Dative |
къерщерасе
0
|
къерщералъе
0
|
къерщералъе
0
|
къерщеразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
къерщерасда
0
|
къерщералъда
0
|
къерщералъда
0
|
къерщеразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
къерщерасде
0
|
къерщералъде
0
|
къерщералъде
0
|
къерщеразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
къерщерасдаса
0
|
къерщералъдаса
0
|
къерщералъдаса
0
|
къерщераздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
къерщерасдасан
0
|
къерщералъдасан
0
|
къерщералъдасан
0
|
къерщераздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
къерщерасухъ
0
|
къерщералъухъ
0
|
къерщералъухъ
0
|
къерщеразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
къерщерасухъе
0
|
къерщералъухъе
0
|
къерщералъухъе
0
|
къерщеразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
къерщерасухъа
0
|
къерщералъухъа
0
|
къерщералъухъа
0
|
къерщеразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
къерщерасухъан
0
|
къерщералъухъан
0
|
къерщералъухъан
0
|
къерщеразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
къерщерасулъ
0
|
къерщералъулъ
0
|
къерщералъулъ
0
|
къерщеразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
къерщерасулъе
0
|
къерщералъулъе
0
|
къерщералъулъе
0
|
къерщеразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
къерщерасулъа
0
|
къерщералъулъа
0
|
къерщералъулъа
0
|
къерщеразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
къерщерасулъан
0
|
къерщералъулъан
0
|
къерщералъулъан
0
|
къерщеразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
къерщерасукь
0
|
къерщералъукь
0
|
къерщералъукь
0
|
къерщеразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
къерщерасукье
0
|
къерщералъукье
0
|
къерщералъукье
0
|
къерщеразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
къерщерасукьа
0
|
къерщералъукьа
0
|
къерщералъукьа
0
|
къерщеразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
къерщерасукьан
0
|
къерщералъукьан
0
|
къерщералъукьан
0
|
къерщеразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
къерщон
[q͡χʼːerʃːon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
къерщон
[q͡χˀːerʃːon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
къерщечӀого
[q͡χˀːerʃːet͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
къерщолаго
[q͡χˀːerʃːolago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
къерщоларого
[q͡χˀːerʃːolarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
къерщей
[q͡χˀːerʃːej]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
къерщезе
[q͡χˀːerʃːeze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
къерщезавизе
/[q͡χʼːerʃːezawize]/
0
|
къерщезайизе
/[q͡χʼːerʃːezajize]/
0
|
къерщезабизе
/[q͡χˀːerʃːezabize]/
0
|
къерщезаризе
/[q͡χʼːerʃːezarize]/
🔒
1
|
| Causative Negative |
къерщезавуларо
/[q͡χʼːerʃːezawularo]/
0
|
къерщезайуларо
/[q͡χʼːerʃːezajularo]/
0
|
къерщезабуларо
/[q͡χˀːerʃːezabularo]/
0
|
къерщезаруларо
/[q͡χʼːerʃːezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
къерщеаризе
[q͡χˀːerʃːearize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
къерщеариларо
[q͡χˀːerʃːearilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
къерщ-къерщезе
[q͡χˀːerʃː-q͡χˀːerʃːeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
къерщ-къерщеларо
[q͡χˀːerʃː-q͡χˀːerʃːelaro]
0
|
|||