Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
мрачнеть
хмуриться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ghuntsize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
192195
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
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|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
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| Past Simple |
гӀунцана
[ʕunt͡sana]
0
|
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| Past Simple Negative |
гӀунцичӀо
[ʕunt͡sit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
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| Future Simple |
гӀунцила
[ʕunt͡sila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гӀунциларо
[ʕunt͡silaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гӀунцула
[ʕunt͡sula]
0
|
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| Constative Negative |
гӀунцуларо
[ʕunt͡sularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
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|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
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| Remote Present |
—
0
|
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|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гӀунцулаан
[ʕunt͡sulajan]
0
|
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| Remote Past Negative |
гӀунцулароан
[ʕunt͡sularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гӀунце
[ʕunt͡se]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гӀунцуге
[ʕunt͡suge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гӀунцеги
[ʕunt͡segi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гӀунцугеги
[ʕunt͡sugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гӀунцизин
[ʕunt͡sizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
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| Conditional |
гӀунцани
[ʕunt͡sani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гӀунцичӀони
[ʕunt͡sit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунцанищ
[ʕunt͡saniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунцичӀищ
[ʕunt͡sit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунцулищ
[ʕunt͡suliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунцуларищ
[ʕunt͡sulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунцилищ
[ʕunt͡siliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунциларищ
[ʕunt͡silariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гӀунцарав
/[ʕunt͡saraw]/
0
|
гӀунцарай
/[ʕunt͡saraj]/
0
|
гӀунцараб
/[ʕunt͡sarab]/
0
|
гӀунцарал
/[ʕunt͡saral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гӀунцичӀев
/[ʕunt͡sit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гӀунцичӀей
/[ʕunt͡sit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гӀунцичӀеб
/[ʕunt͡sit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гӀунцичӀел
/[ʕunt͡sit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гӀунцулев
/[ʕunt͡sulew]/
0
|
гӀунцулей
/[ʕunt͡sulej]/
0
|
гӀунцулеб
/[ʕunt͡suleb]/
0
|
гӀунцулел
/[ʕunt͡sulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гӀунцуларев
/[ʕunt͡sularew]/
0
|
гӀунцуларей
/[ʕunt͡sularej]/
0
|
гӀунцулареб
/[ʕunt͡sulareb]/
0
|
гӀунцуларел
/[ʕunt͡sularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гӀунцилев
/[ʕunt͡silew]/
0
|
гӀунцилей
/[ʕunt͡silej]/
0
|
гӀунцилеб
/[ʕunt͡sileb]/
0
|
гӀунцилел
/[ʕunt͡silel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гӀунциларев
/[ʕunt͡silarew]/
0
|
гӀунциларей
/[ʕunt͡silarej]/
0
|
гӀунцилареб
/[ʕunt͡silareb]/
0
|
гӀунциларел
/[ʕunt͡silarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гӀунцизехъин
[ʕunt͡sizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гӀунцизехъинро
[ʕunt͡sizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
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| Optative Participle |
гӀунцеяв
/[ʕunt͡sejaw]/
0
|
гӀунцеяй
/[ʕunt͡sejaj]/
0
|
гӀунцеяб
/[ʕunt͡sejab]/
0
|
гӀунцеял
/[ʕunt͡sejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гӀунцарав
0
|
гӀунцарай
0
|
гӀунцараб
0
|
гӀунцарал
0
|
| Ergative |
гӀунцарас
0
|
гӀунцаралъ
0
|
гӀунцаралъ
0
|
гӀунцараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гӀунцарасул
0
|
гӀунцаралъул
0
|
гӀунцаралъул
0
|
гӀунцаразул
0
|
| Dative |
гӀунцарасе
0
|
гӀунцаралъе
0
|
гӀунцаралъе
0
|
гӀунцаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гӀунцарасда
0
|
гӀунцаралъда
0
|
гӀунцаралъда
0
|
гӀунцаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гӀунцарасде
0
|
гӀунцаралъде
0
|
гӀунцаралъде
0
|
гӀунцаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гӀунцарасдаса
0
|
гӀунцаралъдаса
0
|
гӀунцаралъдаса
0
|
гӀунцараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гӀунцарасдасан
0
|
гӀунцаралъдасан
0
|
гӀунцаралъдасан
0
|
гӀунцараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гӀунцарасухъ
0
|
гӀунцаралъухъ
0
|
гӀунцаралъухъ
0
|
гӀунцаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гӀунцарасухъе
0
|
гӀунцаралъухъе
0
|
гӀунцаралъухъе
0
|
гӀунцаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гӀунцарасухъа
0
|
гӀунцаралъухъа
0
|
гӀунцаралъухъа
0
|
гӀунцаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гӀунцарасухъан
0
|
гӀунцаралъухъан
0
|
гӀунцаралъухъан
0
|
гӀунцаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гӀунцарасулъ
0
|
гӀунцаралъулъ
0
|
гӀунцаралъулъ
0
|
гӀунцаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гӀунцарасулъе
0
|
гӀунцаралъулъе
0
|
гӀунцаралъулъе
0
|
гӀунцаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гӀунцарасулъа
0
|
гӀунцаралъулъа
0
|
гӀунцаралъулъа
0
|
гӀунцаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гӀунцарасулъан
0
|
гӀунцаралъулъан
0
|
гӀунцаралъулъан
0
|
гӀунцаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гӀунцарасукь
0
|
гӀунцаралъукь
0
|
гӀунцаралъукь
0
|
гӀунцаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гӀунцарасукье
0
|
гӀунцаралъукье
0
|
гӀунцаралъукье
0
|
гӀунцаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гӀунцарасукьа
0
|
гӀунцаралъукьа
0
|
гӀунцаралъукьа
0
|
гӀунцаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гӀунцарасукьан
0
|
гӀунцаралъукьан
0
|
гӀунцаралъукьан
0
|
гӀунцаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гӀунцун
[ʕunt͡sun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гӀунцун
[ʕunt͡sun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гӀунцичӀого
[ʕunt͡sit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гӀунцулаго
[ʕunt͡sulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гӀунцуларого
[ʕunt͡sularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гӀунци
[ʕunt͡si]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гӀунцизе
[ʕunt͡size]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
гӀунцизавизе
/[ʕunt͡sizawize]/
0
|
гӀунцизайизе
/[ʕunt͡sizajize]/
0
|
гӀунцизабизе
/[ʕunt͡sizabize]/
0
|
гӀунцизаризе
/[ʕunt͡sizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гӀунцизавуларо
/[ʕunt͡sizawularo]/
0
|
гӀунцизайуларо
/[ʕunt͡sizajularo]/
0
|
гӀунцизабуларо
/[ʕunt͡sizabularo]/
0
|
гӀунцизаруларо
/[ʕunt͡sizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гӀунциаризе
[ʕunt͡sijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гӀунциариларо
[ʕunt͡sijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гӀунц-гӀунцизе
[ʕunt͡s-ʕunt͡size]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гӀунц-гӀунциларо
[ʕunt͡s-ʕunt͡silaro]
0
|
|||