Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
мрачнеть
нахмуриться
хмуриться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: tl'erkhine
Derivation Method
Derived From
Derivation Suffix
-хин
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
192196
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
4
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
кьерхана
[t͡ɬˀːerχana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
кьерхинчӀо
[t͡ɬˀːerχint͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
кьерхина
[t͡ɬˀːerχina]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
кьерхинаро
[t͡ɬˀːerχinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
кьерхуна
[t͡ɬˀːerχuna]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
кьерхунаро
[t͡ɬˀːerχunaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
кьерхунаан
[t͡ɬʼːerχunajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
кьерхунароан
[t͡ɬʼːerχunarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
кьерха
[t͡ɬˀːerχa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
кьерхунге
[t͡ɬˀːerχunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
кьерхаги
[t͡ɬˀːerχagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
кьерхунгеги
[t͡ɬˀːerχungegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
кьерхинин
[t͡ɬʼːerχinin]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
кьерхани
[t͡ɬˀːerχani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
кьерхинчӀони
[t͡ɬˀːerχint͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
кьерханищ
[t͡ɬˀːerχaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кьерхинчӀищ
[t͡ɬˀːerχint͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
кьерхунищ
[t͡ɬˀːerχuniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
кьерхунарищ
[t͡ɬˀːerχunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
кьерхинищ
[t͡ɬˀːerχiniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кьерхинарищ
[t͡ɬˀːerχinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
кьерхарав
/[t͡ɬʼːerχaraw]/
0
|
кьерхарай
/[t͡ɬʼːerχaraj]/
0
|
кьерхараб
/[t͡ɬˀːerχarab]/
🔒
22
|
кьерхарал
/[t͡ɬˀːerχaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
кьерхинчӀев
/[t͡ɬʼːerχint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
кьерхинчӀей
/[t͡ɬʼːerχint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
кьерхинчӀеб
/[t͡ɬʼːerχint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
кьерхинчӀел
/[t͡ɬʼːerχint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
кьерхунев
/[t͡ɬʼːerχunew]/
0
|
кьерхуней
/[t͡ɬʼːerχunej]/
0
|
кьерхунеб
/[t͡ɬʼːerχuneb]/
0
|
кьерхунел
/[t͡ɬʼːerχunel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
кьерхунарев
/[t͡ɬʼːerχunarew]/
0
|
кьерхунарей
/[t͡ɬʼːerχunarej]/
0
|
кьерхунареб
/[t͡ɬʼːerχunareb]/
0
|
кьерхунарел
/[t͡ɬʼːerχunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
кьерхинев
/[t͡ɬʼːerχinew]/
0
|
кьерхиней
/[t͡ɬʼːerχinej]/
0
|
кьерхинеб
/[t͡ɬʼːerχineb]/
0
|
кьерхинел
/[t͡ɬʼːerχinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
кьерхинарев
/[t͡ɬʼːerχinarew]/
0
|
кьерхинарей
/[t͡ɬʼːerχinarej]/
0
|
кьерхинареб
/[t͡ɬʼːerχinareb]/
0
|
кьерхинарел
/[t͡ɬʼːerχinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
кьерхинехъин
[t͡ɬʼːerχineq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
кьерхинехъинро
[t͡ɬʼːerχineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
кьерхаяв
/[t͡ɬˀːerχajaw]/
0
|
кьерхаяй
/[t͡ɬˀːerχajaj]/
0
|
кьерхаяб
/[t͡ɬˀːerχajab]/
0
|
кьерхаял
/[t͡ɬʼːerχajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
кьерхарав
0
|
кьерхарай
0
|
кьерхараб
22
|
кьерхарал
1
|
| Ergative |
кьерхарас
0
|
кьерхаралъ
0
|
кьерхаралъ
0
|
кьерхараз
0
|
| Genitive |
кьерхарасул
0
|
кьерхаралъул
0
|
кьерхаралъул
0
|
кьерхаразул
0
|
| Dative |
кьерхарасе
0
|
кьерхаралъе
0
|
кьерхаралъе
0
|
кьерхаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
кьерхарасда
0
|
кьерхаралъда
0
|
кьерхаралъда
0
|
кьерхаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
кьерхарасде
0
|
кьерхаралъде
0
|
кьерхаралъде
0
|
кьерхаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
кьерхарасдаса
0
|
кьерхаралъдаса
0
|
кьерхаралъдаса
0
|
кьерхараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
кьерхарасдасан
0
|
кьерхаралъдасан
0
|
кьерхаралъдасан
0
|
кьерхараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
кьерхарасухъ
0
|
кьерхаралъухъ
0
|
кьерхаралъухъ
0
|
кьерхаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
кьерхарасухъе
0
|
кьерхаралъухъе
0
|
кьерхаралъухъе
0
|
кьерхаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
кьерхарасухъа
0
|
кьерхаралъухъа
0
|
кьерхаралъухъа
0
|
кьерхаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
кьерхарасухъан
0
|
кьерхаралъухъан
0
|
кьерхаралъухъан
0
|
кьерхаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
кьерхарасулъ
0
|
кьерхаралъулъ
0
|
кьерхаралъулъ
0
|
кьерхаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
кьерхарасулъе
0
|
кьерхаралъулъе
0
|
кьерхаралъулъе
0
|
кьерхаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
кьерхарасулъа
0
|
кьерхаралъулъа
0
|
кьерхаралъулъа
0
|
кьерхаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
кьерхарасулъан
0
|
кьерхаралъулъан
0
|
кьерхаралъулъан
0
|
кьерхаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
кьерхарасукь
0
|
кьерхаралъукь
0
|
кьерхаралъукь
0
|
кьерхаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
кьерхарасукье
0
|
кьерхаралъукье
0
|
кьерхаралъукье
0
|
кьерхаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
кьерхарасукьа
0
|
кьерхаралъукьа
0
|
кьерхаралъукьа
0
|
кьерхаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
кьерхарасукьан
0
|
кьерхаралъукьан
0
|
кьерхаралъукьан
0
|
кьерхаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
кьерхун
[t͡ɬʼːerχun]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
кьерхун
[t͡ɬˀːerχun]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
кьерхинчӀого
[t͡ɬˀːerχint͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
кьерхунаго
[t͡ɬʼːerχunago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
кьерхунарого
[t͡ɬˀːerχunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
кьерхин
[t͡ɬʼːerχin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
кьерхине
[t͡ɬˀːerχine]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Causative |
кьерхинавизе
/[t͡ɬʼːerχinawize]/
🔒
0
|
кьерхинайизе
/[t͡ɬʼːerχinajize]/
0
|
кьерхинабизе
/[t͡ɬʼːerχinabize]/
🔒
0
|
кьерхинаризе
/[t͡ɬʼːerχinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
кьерхинавуларо
/[t͡ɬʼːerχinawularo]/
0
|
кьерхинайуларо
/[t͡ɬʼːerχinajularo]/
0
|
кьерхинабуларо
/[t͡ɬˀːerχinabularo]/
0
|
кьерхинаруларо
/[t͡ɬʼːerχinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
кьерханхъизе
[t͡ɬʼːerχanq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
кьерханхъиларо
[t͡ɬˀːerχanq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
кьерх-кьерхине
[t͡ɬˀːerχ-t͡ɬˀːerχine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
кьерх-кьерхинаро
[t͡ɬˀːerχ-t͡ɬˀːerχinaro]
0
|
|||