Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
надивиться
подивиться
поразиться
удивиться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.V.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: hhialhize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
192808
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ħijaɬulew wugo]/ |
/[ħijaɬulej jigo]/ |
/[ħijaɬuleb bugo]/ |
/[ħijaɬulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ħijaɬulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ħijaɬulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ħijaɬuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ħijaɬulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
хӀиалъана
[ħijaɬana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хӀиалъичӀо
[ħijaɬit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хӀиалъила
[ħijaɬila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хӀиалъиларо
[ħijaɬilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хӀиалъула
[ħijaɬula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хӀиалъуларо
[ħijaɬularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хӀиалъулаан
[ħijaɬulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хӀиалъулароан
[ħijaɬularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хӀиалъе
[ħijaɬe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хӀиалъуге
[ħijaɬuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хӀиалъеги
[ħijaɬegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хӀиалъугеги
[ħijaɬugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хӀиалъизин
[ħijaɬizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хӀиалъани
[ħijaɬani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хӀиалъичӀони
[ħijaɬit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хӀиалъанищ
[ħiaɬaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀиалъичӀищ
[ħiaɬit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀиалъулищ
[ħiaɬuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀиалъуларищ
[ħiaɬulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хӀиалъилищ
[ħiaɬiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀиалъиларищ
[ħiaɬilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хӀиалъарав
/[ħijaɬaraw]/
0
|
хӀиалъарай
/[ħijaɬaraj]/
0
|
хӀиалъараб
/[ħijaɬarab]/
🔒
1
|
хӀиалъарал
/[ħijaɬaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хӀиалъичӀев
/[ħijaɬit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
хӀиалъичӀей
/[ħijaɬit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
хӀиалъичӀеб
/[ħijaɬit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
хӀиалъичӀел
/[ħijaɬit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хӀиалъулев
/[ħijaɬulew]/
0
|
хӀиалъулей
/[ħijaɬulej]/
0
|
хӀиалъулеб
/[ħijaɬuleb]/
0
|
хӀиалъулел
/[ħijaɬulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хӀиалъуларев
/[ħijaɬularew]/
0
|
хӀиалъуларей
/[ħijaɬularej]/
0
|
хӀиалъулареб
/[ħijaɬulareb]/
0
|
хӀиалъуларел
/[ħijaɬularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хӀиалъилев
/[ħijaɬilew]/
0
|
хӀиалъилей
/[ħijaɬilej]/
0
|
хӀиалъилеб
/[ħijaɬileb]/
0
|
хӀиалъилел
/[ħijaɬilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хӀиалъиларев
/[ħijaɬilarew]/
0
|
хӀиалъиларей
/[ħijaɬilarej]/
0
|
хӀиалъилареб
/[ħijaɬilareb]/
0
|
хӀиалъиларел
/[ħijaɬilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хӀиалъизехъин
[ħijaɬizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хӀиалъизехъинро
[ħijaɬizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хӀиалъеяв
/[ħijaɬejaw]/
0
|
хӀиалъеяй
/[ħijaɬejaj]/
0
|
хӀиалъеяб
/[ħijaɬejab]/
0
|
хӀиалъеял
/[ħijaɬejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хӀиалъарав
0
|
хӀиалъарай
0
|
хӀиалъараб
1
|
хӀиалъарал
0
|
| Ergative |
хӀиалъарас
0
|
хӀиалъаралъ
0
|
хӀиалъаралъ
0
|
хӀиалъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хӀиалъарасул
0
|
хӀиалъаралъул
0
|
хӀиалъаралъул
0
|
хӀиалъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
хӀиалъарасе
0
|
хӀиалъаралъе
0
|
хӀиалъаралъе
0
|
хӀиалъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хӀиалъарасда
0
|
хӀиалъаралъда
0
|
хӀиалъаралъда
0
|
хӀиалъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хӀиалъарасде
0
|
хӀиалъаралъде
0
|
хӀиалъаралъде
0
|
хӀиалъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хӀиалъарасдаса
0
|
хӀиалъаралъдаса
0
|
хӀиалъаралъдаса
0
|
хӀиалъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хӀиалъарасдасан
0
|
хӀиалъаралъдасан
0
|
хӀиалъаралъдасан
0
|
хӀиалъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хӀиалъарасухъ
0
|
хӀиалъаралъухъ
0
|
хӀиалъаралъухъ
0
|
хӀиалъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хӀиалъарасухъе
0
|
хӀиалъаралъухъе
0
|
хӀиалъаралъухъе
0
|
хӀиалъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хӀиалъарасухъа
0
|
хӀиалъаралъухъа
0
|
хӀиалъаралъухъа
0
|
хӀиалъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хӀиалъарасухъан
0
|
хӀиалъаралъухъан
0
|
хӀиалъаралъухъан
0
|
хӀиалъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хӀиалъарасулъ
0
|
хӀиалъаралъулъ
0
|
хӀиалъаралъулъ
0
|
хӀиалъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хӀиалъарасулъе
0
|
хӀиалъаралъулъе
0
|
хӀиалъаралъулъе
0
|
хӀиалъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хӀиалъарасулъа
0
|
хӀиалъаралъулъа
0
|
хӀиалъаралъулъа
0
|
хӀиалъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хӀиалъарасулъан
0
|
хӀиалъаралъулъан
0
|
хӀиалъаралъулъан
0
|
хӀиалъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хӀиалъарасукь
0
|
хӀиалъаралъукь
0
|
хӀиалъаралъукь
0
|
хӀиалъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хӀиалъарасукье
0
|
хӀиалъаралъукье
0
|
хӀиалъаралъукье
0
|
хӀиалъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хӀиалъарасукьа
0
|
хӀиалъаралъукьа
0
|
хӀиалъаралъукьа
0
|
хӀиалъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хӀиалъарасукьан
0
|
хӀиалъаралъукьан
0
|
хӀиалъаралъукьан
0
|
хӀиалъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хӀиалъун
[ħijaɬun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хӀиалъун
[ħijaɬun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хӀиалъичӀого
[ħijaɬit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хӀиалъулаго
[ħijaɬulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хӀиалъуларого
[ħijaɬularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хӀиалъи
[ħijaɬi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хӀиалъизе
[ħijaɬize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
хӀиалъизавизе
/[ħijaɬizawize]/
0
|
хӀиалъизайизе
/[ħijaɬizajize]/
0
|
хӀиалъизабизе
/[ħijaɬizabize]/
0
|
хӀиалъизаризе
/[ħijaɬizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хӀиалъизавуларо
/[ħijaɬizawularo]/
0
|
хӀиалъизайуларо
/[ħijaɬizajularo]/
0
|
хӀиалъизабуларо
/[ħijaɬizabularo]/
0
|
хӀиалъизаруларо
/[ħijaɬizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хӀиалъиаризе
[ħijaɬijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хӀиалъиариларо
[ħijaɬijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хӀиалъ-хӀиалъизе
[ħijaɬ-ħijaɬize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хӀиалъ-хӀиалъиларо
[ħijaɬ-ħijaɬilaro]
0
|
|||