Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
надпилить
отпилить
пилить
пропилить
распилить
спилить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: quqaze
Derivation Method
Derivation Suffix
-ай
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
192856
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
4
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
хъухъана
[q͡χːuq͡χːana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хъухъачӀо
[q͡χːuq͡χːat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хъухъала
[q͡χːuq͡χːala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хъухъаларо
[q͡χːuq͡χːalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хъухъала
[q͡χːuq͡χːala]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хъухъаларо
[q͡χːuq͡χːalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хъухъалаан
[q͡χːuq͡χːalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хъухъалароан
[q͡χːuq͡χːalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хъухъа
[q͡χːuq͡χːa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хъухъаге
[q͡χːuq͡χːage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хъухъаги
[q͡χːuq͡χːagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хъухъагеги
[q͡χːuq͡χːagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хъухъазин
[q͡χːuq͡χːazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хъухъани
[q͡χːuq͡χːani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хъухъачӀони
[q͡χːuq͡χːat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъухъанищ
[q͡χːuq͡χːaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъухъачӀищ
[q͡χːuq͡χːat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хъухъалищ
[q͡χːuq͡χːaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъухъаларищ
[q͡χːuq͡χːalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъухъалищ
[q͡χːuq͡χːaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъухъаларищ
[q͡χːuq͡χːalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хъухъарав
/[q͡χːuq͡χːaraw]/
0
|
хъухъарай
/[q͡χːuq͡χːaraj]/
0
|
хъухъараб
/[q͡χːuq͡χːarab]/
0
|
хъухъарал
/[q͡χːuq͡χːaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хъухъачӀев
/[q͡χːuq͡χːat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
хъухъачӀей
/[q͡χːuq͡χːat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
хъухъачӀеб
/[q͡χːuq͡χːat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
хъухъачӀел
/[q͡χːuq͡χːat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хъухъалев
/[q͡χːuq͡χːalew]/
0
|
хъухъалей
/[q͡χːuq͡χːalej]/
0
|
хъухъалеб
/[q͡χːuq͡χːaleb]/
🔒
5
|
хъухъалел
/[q͡χːuq͡χːalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хъухъаларев
/[q͡χːuq͡χːalarew]/
0
|
хъухъаларей
/[q͡χːuq͡χːalarej]/
0
|
хъухъалареб
/[q͡χːuq͡χːalareb]/
0
|
хъухъаларел
/[q͡χːuq͡χːalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хъухъалев
/[q͡χːuq͡χːalew]/
0
|
хъухъалей
/[q͡χːuq͡χːalej]/
0
|
хъухъалеб
/[q͡χːuq͡χːaleb]/
🔒
5
|
хъухъалел
/[q͡χːuq͡χːalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хъухъаларев
/[q͡χːuq͡χːalarew]/
0
|
хъухъаларей
/[q͡χːuq͡χːalarej]/
0
|
хъухъалареб
/[q͡χːuq͡χːalareb]/
0
|
хъухъаларел
/[q͡χːuq͡χːalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хъухъазехъин
[q͡χːuq͡χːazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хъухъазехъинро
[q͡χːuq͡χːazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хъухъаяв
/[q͡χːuq͡χːajaw]/
0
|
хъухъаяй
/[q͡χːuq͡χːajaj]/
0
|
хъухъаяб
/[q͡χːuq͡χːajab]/
0
|
хъухъаял
/[q͡χːuq͡χːajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хъухъарав
0
|
хъухъарай
0
|
хъухъараб
0
|
хъухъарал
0
|
| Ergative |
хъухъарас
0
|
хъухъаралъ
0
|
хъухъаралъ
0
|
хъухъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хъухъарасул
0
|
хъухъаралъул
0
|
хъухъаралъул
0
|
хъухъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
хъухъарасе
0
|
хъухъаралъе
0
|
хъухъаралъе
0
|
хъухъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хъухъарасда
0
|
хъухъаралъда
0
|
хъухъаралъда
0
|
хъухъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хъухъарасде
0
|
хъухъаралъде
0
|
хъухъаралъде
0
|
хъухъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хъухъарасдаса
0
|
хъухъаралъдаса
0
|
хъухъаралъдаса
0
|
хъухъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хъухъарасдасан
0
|
хъухъаралъдасан
0
|
хъухъаралъдасан
0
|
хъухъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хъухъарасухъ
0
|
хъухъаралъухъ
0
|
хъухъаралъухъ
0
|
хъухъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хъухъарасухъе
0
|
хъухъаралъухъе
0
|
хъухъаралъухъе
0
|
хъухъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хъухъарасухъа
0
|
хъухъаралъухъа
0
|
хъухъаралъухъа
0
|
хъухъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хъухъарасухъан
0
|
хъухъаралъухъан
0
|
хъухъаралъухъан
0
|
хъухъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хъухъарасулъ
0
|
хъухъаралъулъ
0
|
хъухъаралъулъ
0
|
хъухъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хъухъарасулъе
0
|
хъухъаралъулъе
0
|
хъухъаралъулъе
0
|
хъухъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хъухъарасулъа
0
|
хъухъаралъулъа
0
|
хъухъаралъулъа
0
|
хъухъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хъухъарасулъан
0
|
хъухъаралъулъан
0
|
хъухъаралъулъан
0
|
хъухъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хъухъарасукь
0
|
хъухъаралъукь
0
|
хъухъаралъукь
0
|
хъухъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хъухъарасукье
0
|
хъухъаралъукье
0
|
хъухъаралъукье
0
|
хъухъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хъухъарасукьа
0
|
хъухъаралъукьа
0
|
хъухъаралъукьа
0
|
хъухъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хъухъарасукьан
0
|
хъухъаралъукьан
0
|
хъухъаралъукьан
0
|
хъухъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хъухъан
[q͡χːuq͡χːan]
🔒
12
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хъухъан
[q͡χːuq͡χːan]
🔒
12
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хъухъачӀого
[q͡χːuq͡χːat͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хъухъалаго
[q͡χːuq͡χːalago]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хъухъаларого
[q͡χːuq͡χːalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хъухъай
[q͡χːuq͡χːaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хъухъазе
[q͡χːuq͡χːaze]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Causative |
хъухъазавизе
/[q͡χːuq͡χːazawize]/
0
|
хъухъазайизе
/[q͡χːuq͡χːazajize]/
0
|
хъухъазабизе
/[q͡χːuq͡χːazabize]/
0
|
хъухъазаризе
/[q͡χːuq͡χːazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хъухъазавуларо
/[q͡χːuq͡χːazawularo]/
0
|
хъухъазайуларо
/[q͡χːuq͡χːazajularo]/
0
|
хъухъазабуларо
/[q͡χːuq͡χːazabularo]/
0
|
хъухъазаруларо
/[q͡χːuq͡χːazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хъухъааризе
[q͡χːuq͡χːajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хъухъаариларо
[q͡χːuq͡χːajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хъухъа-хъухъазе
[q͡χːuq͡χːa-q͡χːuq͡χːaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хъухъа-хъухъаларо
[q͡χːuq͡χːa-q͡χːuq͡χːalaro]
0
|
|||