Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
налечь
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: tsuze
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
193274
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
14
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
цана
[t͡sana]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цучӀо
[t͡sut͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цула
[t͡sula]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цуларо
[t͡sularo]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цула
[t͡sula]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цуларо
[t͡sularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цулаан
[t͡sulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цулароан
[t͡sularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
—
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цуге
[t͡suge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цугеги
[t͡sugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цузин
[t͡suzin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
—
0
|
|||
| Conditional |
цани
[t͡sani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цучӀони
[t͡sut͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цанищ
[t͡saniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цучӀищ
[t͡sut͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цулищ
[t͡suliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цуларищ
[t͡sulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цулищ
[t͡suliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цуларищ
[t͡sulariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
царав
/[t͡saraw]/
0
|
царай
/[t͡saraj]/
🔒
3
|
цараб
/[t͡sarab]/
🔒
1
|
царал
/[t͡saral]/
🔒
20
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цучӀев
/[t͡sut͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
цучӀей
/[t͡sut͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цучӀеб
/[t͡sut͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
цучӀел
/[t͡sut͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
цулев
/[t͡sulew]/
🔒
2
|
цулей
/[t͡sulej]/
0
|
цулеб
/[t͡suleb]/
🔒
7
|
цулел
/[t͡sulel]/
🔒
12
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цуларев
/[t͡sularew]/
0
|
цуларей
/[t͡sularej]/
0
|
цулареб
/[t͡sulareb]/
0
|
цуларел
/[t͡sularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
цулев
/[t͡sulew]/
🔒
2
|
цулей
/[t͡sulej]/
0
|
цулеб
/[t͡suleb]/
🔒
7
|
цулел
/[t͡sulel]/
🔒
12
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цуларев
/[t͡sularew]/
0
|
цуларей
/[t͡sularej]/
0
|
цулареб
/[t͡sulareb]/
0
|
цуларел
/[t͡sularel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цузехъин
[t͡suzeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цузехъинро
[t͡suzeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
—
0
|
|||
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
царав
0
|
царай
3
|
цараб
1
|
царал
20
|
| Ergative |
царас
0
|
царалъ
0
|
царалъ
0
|
цараз
0
|
| Genitive |
царасул
1
|
царалъул
0
|
царалъул
0
|
царазул
0
|
| Dative |
царасе
0
|
царалъе
0
|
царалъе
0
|
царазе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
царасда
0
|
царалъда
0
|
царалъда
0
|
царазда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
царасде
0
|
царалъде
0
|
царалъде
0
|
царазде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
царасдаса
0
|
царалъдаса
0
|
царалъдаса
0
|
цараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
царасдасан
0
|
царалъдасан
0
|
царалъдасан
0
|
цараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
царасухъ
0
|
царалъухъ
0
|
царалъухъ
0
|
царазухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
царасухъе
0
|
царалъухъе
0
|
царалъухъе
0
|
царазухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
царасухъа
0
|
царалъухъа
0
|
царалъухъа
0
|
царазухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
царасухъан
0
|
царалъухъан
0
|
царалъухъан
0
|
царазухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
царасулъ
0
|
царалъулъ
0
|
царалъулъ
0
|
царазулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
царасулъе
0
|
царалъулъе
0
|
царалъулъе
0
|
царазулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
царасулъа
0
|
царалъулъа
0
|
царалъулъа
0
|
царазулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
царасулъан
0
|
царалъулъан
0
|
царалъулъан
0
|
царазулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
царасукь
0
|
царалъукь
0
|
царалъукь
0
|
царазукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
царасукье
0
|
царалъукье
0
|
царалъукье
0
|
царазукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
царасукьа
0
|
царалъукьа
0
|
царалъукьа
0
|
царазукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
царасукьан
0
|
царалъукьан
0
|
царалъукьан
0
|
царазукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цун
[t͡sun]
🔒
127
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цун
[t͡sun]
🔒
127
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цучӀого
[t͡sut͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цулаго
[t͡sulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цуларого
[t͡sularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цузе
[t͡suze]
🔒
14
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цузе
[t͡suze]
🔒
14
|
|||
| Causative |
цузавизе
/[t͡suzawize]/
🔒
0
|
цузайизе
/[t͡suzajize]/
🔒
0
|
цузабизе
/[t͡suzabize]/
🔒
1
|
цузаризе
/[t͡suzarize]/
🔒
1
|
| Causative Negative |
цузавуларо
/[t͡suzawularo]/
0
|
цузайуларо
/[t͡suzajularo]/
0
|
цузабуларо
/[t͡suzabularo]/
0
|
цузаруларо
/[t͡suzarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цударизе
[t͡sudarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цудариларо
[t͡sudarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цу-цузе
[t͡su-t͡suze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цу-цуларо
[t͡su-t͡sularo]
0
|
|||