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🌐 Translations
Russian
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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: ghungutʼize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
194955
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ʕungutˀulew wugo]/ |
/[ʕungutˀulej jigo]/ |
/[ʕungutˀuleb bugo]/ |
/[ʕungutˀulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ʕungutˀulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕungutˀulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕungutˀuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕungutˀulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
гӀунгутӀана
[ʕungutˀana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гӀунгутӀичӀо
[ʕungutˀit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гӀунгутӀила
[ʕungutˀila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гӀунгутӀиларо
[ʕungutˀilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гӀунгутӀула
[ʕungutˀula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гӀунгутӀуларо
[ʕungutˀularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гӀунгутӀулаан
[ʕungutʼulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гӀунгутӀулароан
[ʕungutʼularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гӀунгутӀе
[ʕungutˀe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гӀунгутӀуге
[ʕungutˀuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гӀунгутӀеги
[ʕungutʼegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гӀунгутӀугеги
[ʕungutˀugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гӀунгутӀизин
[ʕungutˀizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гӀунгутӀани
[ʕungutˀani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гӀунгутӀичӀони
[ʕungutˀit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунгутӀанищ
[ʕungutˀaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунгутӀичӀищ
[ʕungutˀit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунгутӀулищ
[ʕungutˀuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунгутӀуларищ
[ʕungutˀulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунгутӀилищ
[ʕungutˀiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунгутӀиларищ
[ʕungutˀilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гӀунгутӀарав
/[ʕungutˀaraw]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀарай
/[ʕungutˀaraj]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀараб
/[ʕungutˀarab]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀарал
/[ʕungutˀaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гӀунгутӀичӀев
/[ʕungutˀit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀичӀей
/[ʕungutˀit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀичӀеб
/[ʕungutˀit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀичӀел
/[ʕungutˀit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гӀунгутӀулев
/[ʕungutˀulew]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀулей
/[ʕungutˀulej]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀулеб
/[ʕungutˀuleb]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀулел
/[ʕungutˀulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гӀунгутӀуларев
/[ʕungutˀularew]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀуларей
/[ʕungutˀularej]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀулареб
/[ʕungutˀulareb]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀуларел
/[ʕungutˀularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гӀунгутӀилев
/[ʕungutˀilew]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀилей
/[ʕungutˀilej]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀилеб
/[ʕungutˀileb]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀилел
/[ʕungutˀilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гӀунгутӀиларев
/[ʕungutˀilarew]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀиларей
/[ʕungutˀilarej]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀилареб
/[ʕungutˀilareb]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀиларел
/[ʕungutˀilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гӀунгутӀизехъин
[ʕungutˀizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гӀунгутӀизехъинро
[ʕungutˀizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гӀунгутӀеяв
/[ʕungutˀejaw]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀеяй
/[ʕungutˀejaj]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀеяб
/[ʕungutˀejab]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀеял
/[ʕungutʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гӀунгутӀарав
0
|
гӀунгутӀарай
0
|
гӀунгутӀараб
0
|
гӀунгутӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
гӀунгутӀарас
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъ
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъ
0
|
гӀунгутӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гӀунгутӀарасул
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъул
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъул
0
|
гӀунгутӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
гӀунгутӀарасе
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъе
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъе
0
|
гӀунгутӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гӀунгутӀарасда
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъда
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъда
0
|
гӀунгутӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гӀунгутӀарасде
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъде
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъде
0
|
гӀунгутӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гӀунгутӀарасдаса
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъдаса
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъдаса
0
|
гӀунгутӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гӀунгутӀарасдасан
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъдасан
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъдасан
0
|
гӀунгутӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гӀунгутӀарасухъ
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъухъ
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъухъ
0
|
гӀунгутӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гӀунгутӀарасухъе
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъухъе
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъухъе
0
|
гӀунгутӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гӀунгутӀарасухъа
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъухъа
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъухъа
0
|
гӀунгутӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гӀунгутӀарасухъан
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъухъан
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъухъан
0
|
гӀунгутӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гӀунгутӀарасулъ
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъулъ
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъулъ
0
|
гӀунгутӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гӀунгутӀарасулъе
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъулъе
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъулъе
0
|
гӀунгутӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гӀунгутӀарасулъа
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъулъа
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъулъа
0
|
гӀунгутӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гӀунгутӀарасулъан
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъулъан
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъулъан
0
|
гӀунгутӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гӀунгутӀарасукь
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъукь
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъукь
0
|
гӀунгутӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гӀунгутӀарасукье
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъукье
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъукье
0
|
гӀунгутӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гӀунгутӀарасукьа
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъукьа
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъукьа
0
|
гӀунгутӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гӀунгутӀарасукьан
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъукьан
0
|
гӀунгутӀаралъукьан
0
|
гӀунгутӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гӀунгутӀун
[ʕungutʼun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гӀунгутӀун
[ʕungutˀun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гӀунгутӀичӀого
[ʕungutˀit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гӀунгутӀулаго
[ʕungutˀulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гӀунгутӀуларого
[ʕungutˀularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гӀунгутӀи
[ʕungutˀi]
🔒
173
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гӀунгутӀизе
[ʕungutˀize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
гӀунгутӀизавизе
/[ʕungutʼizawize]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀизайизе
/[ʕungutʼizajize]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀизабизе
/[ʕungutˀizabize]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀизаризе
/[ʕungutʼizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гӀунгутӀизавуларо
/[ʕungutʼizawularo]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀизайуларо
/[ʕungutʼizajularo]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀизабуларо
/[ʕungutˀizabularo]/
0
|
гӀунгутӀизаруларо
/[ʕungutʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гӀунгутӀиаризе
[ʕungutˀijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гӀунгутӀиариларо
[ʕungutˀijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гӀунгутӀ-гӀунгутӀизе
[ʕungutˀ-ʕungutˀize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гӀунгутӀ-гӀунгутӀиларо
[ʕungutˀ-ʕungutˀilaro]
0
|
|||