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Russian
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роптать
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стонать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: zigardize
Derivation Method
Derived From
Derivation Suffix
-д-
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
197797
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
5
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[zigardulew wugo]/ |
/[zigardulej jigo]/ |
/[zigarduleb bugo]/ |
/[zigardulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[zigardulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[zigardulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[zigarduleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[zigardulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
зигардана
[zigardana]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
зигардичӀо
[zigardit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
зигардила
[zigardila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
зигардиларо
[zigardilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
зигардула
[zigardula]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
зигардуларо
[zigardularo]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
зигардулаан
[zigardulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
зигардулароан
[zigardularojan]
🔒
3
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
зигарде
[zigarde]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
зигардуге
[zigarduge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
зигардеги
[zigardegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
зигардугеги
[zigardugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
зигардизин
[zigardizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
зигардани
[zigardani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
зигардичӀони
[zigardit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
зигарданищ
[zigardaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
зигардичӀищ
[zigardit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
зигардулищ
[zigarduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
зигардуларищ
[zigardulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
зигардилищ
[zigardiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
зигардиларищ
[zigardilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
зигардарав
/[zigardaraw]/
0
|
зигардарай
/[zigardaraj]/
0
|
зигардараб
/[zigardarab]/
🔒
2
|
зигардарал
/[zigardaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
зигардичӀев
/[zigardit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
зигардичӀей
/[zigardit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
зигардичӀеб
/[zigardit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
зигардичӀел
/[zigardit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
зигардулев
/[zigardulew]/
🔒
6
|
зигардулей
/[zigardulej]/
0
|
зигардулеб
/[zigarduleb]/
🔒
5
|
зигардулел
/[zigardulel]/
🔒
5
|
| Present Participle Negative |
зигардуларев
/[zigardularew]/
0
|
зигардуларей
/[zigardularej]/
0
|
зигардулареб
/[zigardulareb]/
0
|
зигардуларел
/[zigardularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
зигардилев
/[zigardilew]/
0
|
зигардилей
/[zigardilej]/
0
|
зигардилеб
/[zigardileb]/
🔒
1
|
зигардилел
/[zigardilel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle Negative |
зигардиларев
/[zigardilarew]/
0
|
зигардиларей
/[zigardilarej]/
0
|
зигардилареб
/[zigardilareb]/
0
|
зигардиларел
/[zigardilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
зигардизехъин
[zigardizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
зигардизехъинро
[zigardizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
зигардеяв
/[zigardejaw]/
0
|
зигардеяй
/[zigardejaj]/
0
|
зигардеяб
/[zigardejab]/
0
|
зигардеял
/[zigardejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
зигардарав
0
|
зигардарай
0
|
зигардараб
2
|
зигардарал
0
|
| Ergative |
зигардарас
0
|
зигардаралъ
0
|
зигардаралъ
0
|
зигардараз
0
|
| Genitive |
зигардарасул
0
|
зигардаралъул
0
|
зигардаралъул
0
|
зигардаразул
0
|
| Dative |
зигардарасе
0
|
зигардаралъе
0
|
зигардаралъе
0
|
зигардаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
зигардарасда
0
|
зигардаралъда
0
|
зигардаралъда
0
|
зигардаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
зигардарасде
0
|
зигардаралъде
0
|
зигардаралъде
0
|
зигардаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
зигардарасдаса
0
|
зигардаралъдаса
0
|
зигардаралъдаса
0
|
зигардараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
зигардарасдасан
0
|
зигардаралъдасан
0
|
зигардаралъдасан
0
|
зигардараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
зигардарасухъ
0
|
зигардаралъухъ
0
|
зигардаралъухъ
0
|
зигардаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
зигардарасухъе
0
|
зигардаралъухъе
0
|
зигардаралъухъе
0
|
зигардаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
зигардарасухъа
0
|
зигардаралъухъа
0
|
зигардаралъухъа
0
|
зигардаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
зигардарасухъан
0
|
зигардаралъухъан
0
|
зигардаралъухъан
0
|
зигардаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
зигардарасулъ
0
|
зигардаралъулъ
0
|
зигардаралъулъ
0
|
зигардаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
зигардарасулъе
0
|
зигардаралъулъе
0
|
зигардаралъулъе
0
|
зигардаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
зигардарасулъа
0
|
зигардаралъулъа
0
|
зигардаралъулъа
0
|
зигардаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
зигардарасулъан
0
|
зигардаралъулъан
0
|
зигардаралъулъан
0
|
зигардаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
зигардарасукь
0
|
зигардаралъукь
0
|
зигардаралъукь
0
|
зигардаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
зигардарасукье
0
|
зигардаралъукье
0
|
зигардаралъукье
0
|
зигардаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
зигардарасукьа
0
|
зигардаралъукьа
0
|
зигардаралъукьа
0
|
зигардаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
зигардарасукьан
0
|
зигардаралъукьан
0
|
зигардаралъукьан
0
|
зигардаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
зигардун
[zigardun]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
зигардун
[zigardun]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
зигардичӀого
[zigardit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
зигардулаго
[zigardulago]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
зигардуларого
[zigardularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
зигарди
[zigardi]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Infinitive |
зигардизе
[zigardize]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Causative |
зигардизавизе
/[zigardizawize]/
0
|
зигардизайизе
/[zigardizajize]/
0
|
зигардизабизе
/[zigardizabize]/
0
|
зигардизаризе
/[zigardizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
зигардизавуларо
/[zigardizawularo]/
0
|
зигардизайуларо
/[zigardizajularo]/
0
|
зигардизабуларо
/[zigardizabularo]/
0
|
зигардизаруларо
/[zigardizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
зигардиаризе
[zigardijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
зигардиариларо
[zigardijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
зигард-зигардизе
[zigard-zigardize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
зигард-зигардиларо
[zigard-zigardilaro]
0
|
|||