Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
ободрать
освежевать
содрать
драть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: chchukʼize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
198678
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
8
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
ччукӀана
[t͡ʃːukˀana]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
ччукӀичӀо
[t͡ʃːukˀit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
ччукӀила
[t͡ʃːukˀila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
ччукӀиларо
[t͡ʃːukˀilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
ччукӀула
[t͡ʃːukˀula]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
ччукӀуларо
[t͡ʃːukˀularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
ччукӀулаан
[t͡ʃːukʼulajan]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
ччукӀулароан
[t͡ʃːukʼularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
ччукӀе
[t͡ʃːukˀe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
ччукӀуге
[t͡ʃːukˀuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
ччукӀеги
[t͡ʃːukʼegi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
ччукӀугеги
[t͡ʃːukˀugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
ччукӀизин
[t͡ʃːukˀizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
ччукӀани
[t͡ʃːukˀani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
ччукӀичӀони
[t͡ʃːukˀit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
ччукӀанищ
[t͡ʃːukˀaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ччукӀичӀищ
[t͡ʃːukˀit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
ччукӀулищ
[t͡ʃːukˀuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
ччукӀуларищ
[t͡ʃːukˀulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
ччукӀилищ
[t͡ʃːukˀiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ччукӀиларищ
[t͡ʃːukˀilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
ччукӀарав
/[t͡ʃːukˀaraw]/
🔒
0
|
ччукӀарай
/[t͡ʃːukˀaraj]/
🔒
0
|
ччукӀараб
/[t͡ʃːukˀarab]/
🔒
8
|
ччукӀарал
/[t͡ʃːukˀaral]/
🔒
6
|
| Past Participle Negative |
ччукӀичӀев
/[t͡ʃːukˀit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
ччукӀичӀей
/[t͡ʃːukˀit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
ччукӀичӀеб
/[t͡ʃːukˀit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
ччукӀичӀел
/[t͡ʃːukˀit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
ччукӀулев
/[t͡ʃːukˀulew]/
🔒
1
|
ччукӀулей
/[t͡ʃːukˀulej]/
🔒
0
|
ччукӀулеб
/[t͡ʃːukˀuleb]/
🔒
3
|
ччукӀулел
/[t͡ʃːukˀulel]/
🔒
3
|
| Present Participle Negative |
ччукӀуларев
/[t͡ʃːukˀularew]/
0
|
ччукӀуларей
/[t͡ʃːukˀularej]/
0
|
ччукӀулареб
/[t͡ʃːukˀulareb]/
0
|
ччукӀуларел
/[t͡ʃːukˀularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
ччукӀилев
/[t͡ʃːukˀilew]/
0
|
ччукӀилей
/[t͡ʃːukˀilej]/
0
|
ччукӀилеб
/[t͡ʃːukˀileb]/
0
|
ччукӀилел
/[t͡ʃːukˀilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
ччукӀиларев
/[t͡ʃːukˀilarew]/
0
|
ччукӀиларей
/[t͡ʃːukˀilarej]/
0
|
ччукӀилареб
/[t͡ʃːukˀilareb]/
0
|
ччукӀиларел
/[t͡ʃːukˀilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
ччукӀизехъин
[t͡ʃːukˀizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
ччукӀизехъинро
[t͡ʃːukˀizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
ччукӀеяв
/[t͡ʃːukˀejaw]/
0
|
ччукӀеяй
/[t͡ʃːukˀejaj]/
0
|
ччукӀеяб
/[t͡ʃːukˀejab]/
0
|
ччукӀеял
/[t͡ʃːukʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
ччукӀарав
0
|
ччукӀарай
0
|
ччукӀараб
8
|
ччукӀарал
6
|
| Ergative |
ччукӀарас
0
|
ччукӀаралъ
0
|
ччукӀаралъ
0
|
ччукӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
ччукӀарасул
0
|
ччукӀаралъул
0
|
ччукӀаралъул
0
|
ччукӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
ччукӀарасе
0
|
ччукӀаралъе
0
|
ччукӀаралъе
0
|
ччукӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
ччукӀарасда
0
|
ччукӀаралъда
0
|
ччукӀаралъда
0
|
ччукӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
ччукӀарасде
0
|
ччукӀаралъде
0
|
ччукӀаралъде
0
|
ччукӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
ччукӀарасдаса
0
|
ччукӀаралъдаса
0
|
ччукӀаралъдаса
0
|
ччукӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
ччукӀарасдасан
0
|
ччукӀаралъдасан
0
|
ччукӀаралъдасан
0
|
ччукӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
ччукӀарасухъ
0
|
ччукӀаралъухъ
0
|
ччукӀаралъухъ
0
|
ччукӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
ччукӀарасухъе
0
|
ччукӀаралъухъе
0
|
ччукӀаралъухъе
0
|
ччукӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
ччукӀарасухъа
0
|
ччукӀаралъухъа
0
|
ччукӀаралъухъа
0
|
ччукӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
ччукӀарасухъан
0
|
ччукӀаралъухъан
0
|
ччукӀаралъухъан
0
|
ччукӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
ччукӀарасулъ
0
|
ччукӀаралъулъ
0
|
ччукӀаралъулъ
0
|
ччукӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
ччукӀарасулъе
0
|
ччукӀаралъулъе
0
|
ччукӀаралъулъе
0
|
ччукӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
ччукӀарасулъа
0
|
ччукӀаралъулъа
0
|
ччукӀаралъулъа
0
|
ччукӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
ччукӀарасулъан
0
|
ччукӀаралъулъан
0
|
ччукӀаралъулъан
0
|
ччукӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
ччукӀарасукь
0
|
ччукӀаралъукь
0
|
ччукӀаралъукь
0
|
ччукӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
ччукӀарасукье
0
|
ччукӀаралъукье
0
|
ччукӀаралъукье
0
|
ччукӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
ччукӀарасукьа
0
|
ччукӀаралъукьа
0
|
ччукӀаралъукьа
0
|
ччукӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
ччукӀарасукьан
0
|
ччукӀаралъукьан
0
|
ччукӀаралъукьан
0
|
ччукӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
ччукӀун
[t͡ʃːukʼun]
🔒
88
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
ччукӀун
[t͡ʃːukˀun]
🔒
88
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
ччукӀичӀого
[t͡ʃːukˀit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
ччукӀулаго
[t͡ʃːukˀulago]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
ччукӀуларого
[t͡ʃːukˀularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
ччукӀи
[t͡ʃːukˀi]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Infinitive |
ччукӀизе
[t͡ʃːukˀize]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Causative |
ччукӀизавизе
/[t͡ʃːukʼizawize]/
0
|
ччукӀизайизе
/[t͡ʃːukʼizajize]/
0
|
ччукӀизабизе
/[t͡ʃːukˀizabize]/
0
|
ччукӀизаризе
/[t͡ʃːukʼizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
ччукӀизавуларо
/[t͡ʃːukʼizawularo]/
0
|
ччукӀизайуларо
/[t͡ʃːukʼizajularo]/
0
|
ччукӀизабуларо
/[t͡ʃːukˀizabularo]/
0
|
ччукӀизаруларо
/[t͡ʃːukʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
ччукӀиаризе
[t͡ʃːukˀijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
ччукӀиариларо
[t͡ʃːukˀijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
ччукӀ-ччукӀизе
[t͡ʃːukˀ-t͡ʃːukˀize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
ччукӀ-ччукӀиларо
[t͡ʃːukˀ-t͡ʃːukˀilaro]
0
|
|||