Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
обстрелять
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: tl'vahdeze
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
199116
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
33
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdolew wugo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdolej jigo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdoleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdolel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdolew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdolej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdoleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdolel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
кьвагьдена
[t͡ɬˀːwahdena]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
кьвагьдечӀо
[t͡ɬˀːwahdet͡ʃˀo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple |
кьвагьдела
[t͡ɬˀːwahdela]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
кьвагьделаро
[t͡ɬˀːwahdelaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
кьвагьдола
[t͡ɬˀːwahdola]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
кьвагьдоларо
[t͡ɬˀːwahdolaro]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
кьвагьдолаан
[t͡ɬʼːwahdolajan]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
кьвагьдолароан
[t͡ɬʼːwahdolarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
кьвагьде
[t͡ɬˀːwahde]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
кьвагьдоге
[t͡ɬˀːwahdoge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
кьвагьдеги
[t͡ɬʼːwahdegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
кьвагьдогеги
[t͡ɬˀːwahdogegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
кьвагьдезин
[t͡ɬˀːwahdezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
кьвагьдени
[t͡ɬˀːwahdeni]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
кьвагьдечӀони
[t͡ɬˀːwahdet͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
кьвагьденищ
[t͡ɬˀːwahdeniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кьвагьдечӀищ
[t͡ɬˀːwahdet͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
кьвагьдолищ
[t͡ɬˀːwahdoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
кьвагьдоларищ
[t͡ɬˀːwahdolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
кьвагьделищ
[t͡ɬˀːwahdeliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кьвагьделарищ
[t͡ɬˀːwahdelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
кьвагьдерав
/[t͡ɬˀːwahderaw]/
0
|
кьвагьдерай
/[t͡ɬˀːwahderaj]/
0
|
кьвагьдераб
/[t͡ɬˀːwahderab]/
0
|
кьвагьдерал
/[t͡ɬˀːwahderal]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
кьвагьдечӀев
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdet͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
кьвагьдечӀей
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdet͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
кьвагьдечӀеб
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdet͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
кьвагьдечӀел
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdet͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
кьвагьдолев
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdolew]/
🔒
3
|
кьвагьдолей
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdolej]/
0
|
кьвагьдолеб
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdoleb]/
🔒
8
|
кьвагьдолел
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdolel]/
🔒
15
|
| Present Participle Negative |
кьвагьдоларев
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdolarew]/
0
|
кьвагьдоларей
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdolarej]/
0
|
кьвагьдолареб
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdolareb]/
0
|
кьвагьдоларел
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdolarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
кьвагьделев
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdelew]/
🔒
1
|
кьвагьделей
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdelej]/
0
|
кьвагьделеб
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdeleb]/
0
|
кьвагьделел
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdelel]/
🔒
2
|
| Future Participle Negative |
кьвагьделарев
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdelarew]/
0
|
кьвагьделарей
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdelarej]/
0
|
кьвагьделареб
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdelareb]/
0
|
кьвагьделарел
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
кьвагьдезехъин
[t͡ɬˀːwahdezeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
кьвагьдезехъинро
[t͡ɬˀːwahdezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
кьвагьдеяв
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdejaw]/
0
|
кьвагьдеяй
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdejaj]/
0
|
кьвагьдеяб
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdejab]/
0
|
кьвагьдеял
/[t͡ɬʼːwahdejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
кьвагьдерав
0
|
кьвагьдерай
0
|
кьвагьдераб
0
|
кьвагьдерал
0
|
| Ergative |
кьвагьдерас
0
|
кьвагьдералъ
0
|
кьвагьдералъ
0
|
кьвагьдераз
0
|
| Genitive |
кьвагьдерасул
0
|
кьвагьдералъул
0
|
кьвагьдералъул
0
|
кьвагьдеразул
0
|
| Dative |
кьвагьдерасе
0
|
кьвагьдералъе
0
|
кьвагьдералъе
0
|
кьвагьдеразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
кьвагьдерасда
0
|
кьвагьдералъда
0
|
кьвагьдералъда
0
|
кьвагьдеразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
кьвагьдерасде
0
|
кьвагьдералъде
0
|
кьвагьдералъде
0
|
кьвагьдеразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
кьвагьдерасдаса
0
|
кьвагьдералъдаса
0
|
кьвагьдералъдаса
0
|
кьвагьдераздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
кьвагьдерасдасан
0
|
кьвагьдералъдасан
0
|
кьвагьдералъдасан
0
|
кьвагьдераздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
кьвагьдерасухъ
0
|
кьвагьдералъухъ
0
|
кьвагьдералъухъ
0
|
кьвагьдеразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
кьвагьдерасухъе
0
|
кьвагьдералъухъе
0
|
кьвагьдералъухъе
0
|
кьвагьдеразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
кьвагьдерасухъа
0
|
кьвагьдералъухъа
0
|
кьвагьдералъухъа
0
|
кьвагьдеразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
кьвагьдерасухъан
0
|
кьвагьдералъухъан
0
|
кьвагьдералъухъан
0
|
кьвагьдеразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
кьвагьдерасулъ
0
|
кьвагьдералъулъ
0
|
кьвагьдералъулъ
0
|
кьвагьдеразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
кьвагьдерасулъе
0
|
кьвагьдералъулъе
0
|
кьвагьдералъулъе
0
|
кьвагьдеразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
кьвагьдерасулъа
0
|
кьвагьдералъулъа
0
|
кьвагьдералъулъа
0
|
кьвагьдеразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
кьвагьдерасулъан
0
|
кьвагьдералъулъан
0
|
кьвагьдералъулъан
0
|
кьвагьдеразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
кьвагьдерасукь
0
|
кьвагьдералъукь
0
|
кьвагьдералъукь
0
|
кьвагьдеразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
кьвагьдерасукье
0
|
кьвагьдералъукье
0
|
кьвагьдералъукье
0
|
кьвагьдеразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
кьвагьдерасукьа
0
|
кьвагьдералъукьа
0
|
кьвагьдералъукьа
0
|
кьвагьдеразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
кьвагьдерасукьан
0
|
кьвагьдералъукьан
0
|
кьвагьдералъукьан
0
|
кьвагьдеразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
кьвагьдон
[t͡ɬʼːwahdon]
🔒
32
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
кьвагьдон
[t͡ɬˀːwahdon]
🔒
32
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
кьвагьдечӀого
[t͡ɬˀːwahdet͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
кьвагьдолаго
[t͡ɬˀːwahdolago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
кьвагьдоларого
[t͡ɬˀːwahdolarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
кьвагьдей
[t͡ɬˀːwahdej]
🔒
31
|
|||
| Infinitive |
кьвагьдезе
[t͡ɬˀːwahdeze]
🔒
33
|
|||
| Causative |
кьвагьдезавизе
/[t͡ɬʼːwahdezawize]/
0
|
кьвагьдезайизе
/[t͡ɬʼːwahdezajize]/
0
|
кьвагьдезабизе
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdezabize]/
0
|
кьвагьдезаризе
/[t͡ɬʼːwahdezarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
кьвагьдезавуларо
/[t͡ɬʼːwahdezawularo]/
0
|
кьвагьдезайуларо
/[t͡ɬʼːwahdezajularo]/
0
|
кьвагьдезабуларо
/[t͡ɬˀːwahdezabularo]/
0
|
кьвагьдезаруларо
/[t͡ɬʼːwahdezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
кьвагьдеаризе
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
—
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
кьвагьд-кьвагьдезе
[t͡ɬˀːwahd-t͡ɬˀːwahdeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
кьвагьд-кьвагьделаро
[t͡ɬˀːwahd-t͡ɬˀːwahdelaro]
0
|
|||