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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVCC.CCV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: dandch'vaze
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
199278
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
317
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalew wugo]/ |
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalej jigo]/ |
/[dantt͡ʃˀwaleb bugo]/ |
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[dantt͡ʃˀwaleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
дандчӀвана
[dantt͡ʃˀwana]
🔒
619
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
дандчӀвачӀо
[dantt͡ʃˀwat͡ʃˀo]
🔒
58
|
|||
| Future Simple |
дандчӀвала
[dantt͡ʃˀwala]
🔒
233
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
дандчӀваларо
[dantt͡ʃˀwalaro]
🔒
17
|
|||
| Constative |
дандчӀвала
[dantt͡ʃˀwala]
🔒
233
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
дандчӀваларо
[dantt͡ʃˀwalaro]
🔒
17
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
дандчӀвалаан
[dantt͡ʃʼwalajan]
🔒
31
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
дандчӀвалароан
[dantt͡ʃʼwalarojan]
🔒
3
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
дандчӀва
[dantt͡ʃˀwa]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
дандчӀваге
[dantt͡ʃˀwage]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Optative |
дандчӀваги
[dantt͡ʃˀwagi]
🔒
99
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
дандчӀвагеги
[dantt͡ʃˀwagegi]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Hortative |
дандчӀвазин
[dantt͡ʃˀwazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
дандчӀвани
[dantt͡ʃˀwani]
🔒
18
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
дандчӀвачӀони
[dantt͡ʃˀwat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
дандчӀванищ
[dantt͡ʃˀwaniʃː]
🔒
6
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
дандчӀвачӀищ
[dantt͡ʃˀwat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
дандчӀвалищ
[dantt͡ʃˀwaliʃː]
🔒
4
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
дандчӀваларищ
[dantt͡ʃˀwalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
дандчӀвалищ
[dantt͡ʃˀwaliʃː]
🔒
4
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
дандчӀваларищ
[dantt͡ʃˀwalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
дандчӀварав
/[dantt͡ʃˀwaraw]/
🔒
37
|
дандчӀварай
/[dantt͡ʃˀwaraj]/
🔒
6
|
дандчӀвараб
/[dantt͡ʃˀwarab]/
🔒
29
|
дандчӀварал
/[dantt͡ʃˀwaral]/
🔒
123
|
| Past Participle Negative |
дандчӀвачӀев
/[dantt͡ʃˀwat͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
0
|
дандчӀвачӀей
/[dantt͡ʃˀwat͡ʃˀej]/
🔒
0
|
дандчӀвачӀеб
/[dantt͡ʃˀwat͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
5
|
дандчӀвачӀел
/[dantt͡ʃˀwat͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
6
|
| Present Participle |
дандчӀвалев
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalew]/
🔒
10
|
дандчӀвалей
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalej]/
🔒
1
|
дандчӀвалеб
/[dantt͡ʃˀwaleb]/
🔒
39
|
дандчӀвалел
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalel]/
🔒
330
|
| Present Participle Negative |
дандчӀваларев
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalarew]/
🔒
1
|
дандчӀваларей
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalarej]/
🔒
0
|
дандчӀвалареб
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalareb]/
🔒
4
|
дандчӀваларел
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalarel]/
🔒
3
|
| Future Participle |
дандчӀвалев
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalew]/
🔒
10
|
дандчӀвалей
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalej]/
🔒
1
|
дандчӀвалеб
/[dantt͡ʃˀwaleb]/
🔒
39
|
дандчӀвалел
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalel]/
🔒
330
|
| Future Participle Negative |
дандчӀваларев
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalarew]/
🔒
1
|
дандчӀваларей
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalarej]/
🔒
0
|
дандчӀвалареб
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalareb]/
🔒
4
|
дандчӀваларел
/[dantt͡ʃˀwalarel]/
🔒
3
|
| Intentional Participle |
дандчӀвазехъин
[dantt͡ʃˀwazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
дандчӀвазехъинро
[dantt͡ʃˀwazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
дандчӀваяв
/[dantt͡ʃˀwajaw]/
0
|
дандчӀваяй
/[dantt͡ʃˀwajaj]/
0
|
дандчӀваяб
/[dantt͡ʃˀwajab]/
0
|
дандчӀваял
/[dantt͡ʃʼwajal]/
🔒
182
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
дандчӀварав
37
|
дандчӀварай
6
|
дандчӀвараб
29
|
дандчӀварал
123
|
| Ergative |
дандчӀварас
0
|
дандчӀваралъ
0
|
дандчӀваралъ
0
|
дандчӀвараз
1
|
| Genitive |
дандчӀварасул
0
|
дандчӀваралъул
1
|
дандчӀваралъул
1
|
дандчӀваразул
2
|
| Dative |
дандчӀварасе
0
|
дандчӀваралъе
0
|
дандчӀваралъе
0
|
дандчӀваразе
1
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
дандчӀварасда
3
|
дандчӀваралъда
0
|
дандчӀваралъда
0
|
дандчӀваразда
7
|
| Allative (-де) |
дандчӀварасде
0
|
дандчӀваралъде
0
|
дандчӀваралъде
0
|
дандчӀваразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
дандчӀварасдаса
0
|
дандчӀваралъдаса
0
|
дандчӀваралъдаса
0
|
дандчӀвараздаса
23
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
дандчӀварасдасан
0
|
дандчӀваралъдасан
0
|
дандчӀваралъдасан
0
|
дандчӀвараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
дандчӀварасухъ
0
|
дандчӀваралъухъ
2
|
дандчӀваралъухъ
2
|
дандчӀваразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
дандчӀварасухъе
0
|
дандчӀваралъухъе
0
|
дандчӀваралъухъе
0
|
дандчӀваразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
дандчӀварасухъа
0
|
дандчӀваралъухъа
0
|
дандчӀваралъухъа
0
|
дандчӀваразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
дандчӀварасухъан
0
|
дандчӀваралъухъан
0
|
дандчӀваралъухъан
0
|
дандчӀваразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
дандчӀварасулъ
0
|
дандчӀваралъулъ
0
|
дандчӀваралъулъ
0
|
дандчӀваразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
дандчӀварасулъе
0
|
дандчӀваралъулъе
0
|
дандчӀваралъулъе
0
|
дандчӀваразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
дандчӀварасулъа
0
|
дандчӀваралъулъа
0
|
дандчӀваралъулъа
0
|
дандчӀваразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
дандчӀварасулъан
0
|
дандчӀваралъулъан
0
|
дандчӀваралъулъан
0
|
дандчӀваразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
дандчӀварасукь
0
|
дандчӀваралъукь
0
|
дандчӀваралъукь
0
|
дандчӀваразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
дандчӀварасукье
0
|
дандчӀваралъукье
0
|
дандчӀваралъукье
0
|
дандчӀваразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
дандчӀварасукьа
0
|
дандчӀваралъукьа
0
|
дандчӀваралъукьа
0
|
дандчӀваразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
дандчӀварасукьан
0
|
дандчӀваралъукьан
0
|
дандчӀваралъукьан
0
|
дандчӀваразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
дандчӀван
[dantt͡ʃʼwan]
🔒
89
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
дандчӀван
[dantt͡ʃˀwan]
🔒
89
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
дандчӀвачӀого
[dantt͡ʃˀwat͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
дандчӀвалаго
[dantt͡ʃˀwalago]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
дандчӀваларого
[dantt͡ʃˀwalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
дандчӀвай
[dantt͡ʃˀwaj]
🔒
620
|
|||
| Infinitive |
дандчӀвазе
[dantt͡ʃˀwaze]
🔒
317
|
|||
| Causative |
дандчӀвазавизе
/[dantt͡ʃʼwazawize]/
0
|
дандчӀвазайизе
/[dantt͡ʃʼwazajize]/
0
|
дандчӀвазабизе
/[dantt͡ʃˀwazabize]/
0
|
дандчӀвазаризе
/[dantt͡ʃʼwazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
дандчӀвазавуларо
/[dantt͡ʃʼwazawularo]/
0
|
дандчӀвазайуларо
/[dantt͡ʃʼwazajularo]/
0
|
дандчӀвазабуларо
/[dantt͡ʃˀwazabularo]/
0
|
дандчӀвазаруларо
/[dantt͡ʃʼwazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
дандчӀвааризе
[dantt͡ʃˀwajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
дандчӀваариларо
[dantt͡ʃˀwajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
дандчӀва-дандчӀвазе
[dantt͡ʃˀwa-dantt͡ʃˀwaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
дандчӀва-дандчӀваларо
[dantt͡ʃˀwa-dantt͡ʃˀwalaro]
0
|
|||